Java架构II_C1 软件架构设计导论_2 软件架构的意义

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2022-10-06 15:59 334阅读 0赞

** 田超凡**

**原创博文，严禁复制转载，仿冒必究，部分素材转载自慕课网**

## 2.1 架构是项目干系人进行交流的手段 ##

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8200a09716d2512890791.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8200a09716d2512890791.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8201309ab652d15200745.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8201309ab652d15200745.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8201f09b6eb1914690818.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8201f09b6eb1914690818.jpg]

**沟通的艺术：**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c820ab09a7bf2215120480.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c820ab09a7bf2215120480.jpg]

交流的问题出在哪里？

(1) 语境不同

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c820db09a1807a14080790.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c820db09a1807a14080790.jpg]

(2) 立场不同

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c820f10970a9d510140732.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c820f10970a9d510140732.jpg]

(3) 沟通渠道失真

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c820fb0962828b12110822.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c820fb0962828b12110822.jpg]

## 2.2 架构有助于循序渐进的原型设计 ##

**业务落地的保障：**

**业务: 跟随业务发展、扫清技术债务**

**架构: 架构向前演进、向后兼容**

**技术: 技术成熟度、复杂度、买还是建**

**架构演进的模式：**

**拆迁者模式、修缮者模式、绞杀者模式**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823930920296e10220778.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823930920296e10220778.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8239a0986780e10800753.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8239a0986780e10800753.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823a809f5f87d10780796.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823a809f5f87d10780796.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823af0952f0ce11420775.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823af0952f0ce11420775.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823b6098fda8411450780.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823b6098fda8411450780.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823c009e757e510470781.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823c009e757e510470781.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823c609cdf34610830784.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823c609cdf34610830784.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823d609bdc4de09250773.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823d609bdc4de09250773.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823dd092e654509700805.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823dd092e654509700805.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c823e50994c90c09500761.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c823e50994c90c09500761.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c82400093bf4ef09450761.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c82400093bf4ef09450761.jpg]

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8240a09c63c4d09660724.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8240a09c63c4d09660724.jpg]

**适应度函数：**

**原子 vs 整体适应度函数**

**触发式 vs 持续式适应度函数**

**静态 vs 动态适应度函数**

**自动 vs 手动适应度函数**

**临时 vs 预设适应度函数**

## 2.3 架构是设计决策的体现 ##

**SWOT分析法四要素：优点、缺点、机会、威胁**

**(1) Mesos SWOT分析法**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8213b09a5e28508450715.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8213b09a5e28508450715.jpg]

**(2) Kubernetes SWOT分析法**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8214d09f626c608720690.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8214d09f626c608720690.jpg]

**(3) RASCI决策矩阵**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8217d09b923d010170737.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8217d09b923d010170737.jpg]

## 2.4 架构明确系统设计约束条件 ##

**(1) ADMEMS矩阵**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c821c909eb229213210789.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c821c909eb229213210789.jpg]

**(2) RAID矩阵**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c821d5093cc7b213300707.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c821d5093cc7b213300707.jpg]

***架构制约系统质量属性：***

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c82205096d5f8313970776.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c82205096d5f8313970776.jpg]

***架构规定了开发和维护组织的结构：***

**(1) 康威定律**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c822ec09dfa9f414610780.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c822ec09dfa9f414610780.jpg]

**(2) 贝佐斯“两个披萨”原则**

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8230309127ba200000000.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8230309127ba200000000.jpg]

## 2.5 架构与组织结构-DevOps凤凰传奇 ##

![http://img.mukewang.com/climg/60c8232109c1029511490730.jpg][http_img.mukewang.com_climg_60c8232109c1029511490730.jpg]

架构师的思考：

如何解决环境问题: 开发、QA和生产的不匹配

如何解决耦合问题: 凤凰项目和传统系统耦合

如何决绝资源共用问题: 关键人员疲于在多项目中切换

如何满足峰值需求: 突发性业务需求、性能测试需求

如何解决安全问题: 最小代价完成安全合规审计

## 2.6 架构是可传递可复用的模型-OpenGroup架构认证 ##

架构复用：

方法论复用( ABSD、DSSA、AT、EA、TOGAF )

模型复用(UML、SOA、CBM )

工件复用(素材、图片、表格、图标、文件)

剪裁(三七原则,保留30%还是70% )

架构资产更新(内部资产库、外部架构社区)

架构师三大认证类型：

TOGAF企业架构(广度、知识点、案例分析、笔试)

Master Architect主架构师认证(应用架构、数据架构、

集成架构、技术架构)

软考高级-系统架构设计师(综合知识、案例分析、论文写作)

## 2.7 知识小结&面试题 ##

题目:作为架构师，遇到部门 \]冲突如何解决?

题眼:决策派，语境、立场、沟通渠道处理,架构决策

加分项:方法论完整(通用语言、RASCI决策、 SWOT分析)

题目:作为架构师,平时的设计重点关注那些因素?

题眼:质量(扩展性、性能、可用性、安全性、耦合度)

加分项:多角度分析、实际案例侧重点清晰

题目:作为架构师,如何处理新架构和老架构之间的冲突

题眼:解决技术债,架构演进策略

加分项:多模式使用(拆迁、修缮、绞杀)、冲突预防

**附预习笔记：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMwMDU2MzQx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

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