阿里云构建Kafka单机集群环境

矫情吗；* 2022-07-13 02:41 383阅读 0赞

# 简介 #

在一台ECS阿里云服务器上构建Kafa单个集群环境需要如下的几个步骤：

*  **服务器环境**
 *  **JDK的安装**
 *  **ZooKeeper的安装**
 *  **Kafka的安装**

--------------------

## 1. 服务器环境 ##

*  CPU： 1核
 *  内存： 2048 MB (I/O优化) 1Mbps
 *  操作系统 ubuntu14.04 64位  
    感觉服务器性能还是很好的，当然不是给阿里打广告，汗。  
    随便向kafka里面发了点数据，性能图如下所示：  
    ![kafka性能图][kafka]

--------------------

## 2. 安装JDK ##

想要跑Java程序，就必须安装JDK。JDK版本，本人用的是JDK1.7。  
基本操作如下：

1.  从JDK官网获取JDK的tar.gz包；
2.  将tar包上传到服务器上的opt/JDK下面；
3.  解压tar包；
4.  更改etc/profile文件，将下列信息写在后面；(ps mac环境需要sudo su 以root权限进行操作)

cd /
     cd etc
     vim profile
     然后进行修改 添加如下部分：
     export JAVA_HOME=/opt/JDK/jdk1.7.0_79
     export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
     export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

改好后的profile文件信息如下：

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
    # and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).
    
    if [ "$PS1" ]; then
      if [ "$BASH" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
        # The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
        # PS1='\h:\w\$ '
        if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
          . /etc/bash.bashrc
        fi
      else
        if [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; then
          PS1='# '
        else
          PS1='$ '
        fi
      fi
    fi
    
    # The default umask is now handled by pam_umask.
    # See pam_umask(8) and /etc/login.defs.
    
    if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
      for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
        if [ -r $i ]; then
          . $i
        fi
      done
      unset i
    fi
    
    export JAVA_HOME=/opt/JDK/jdk1.7.0_79
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

1.  按下ESC键后，输入“!wq”，按回车保存信息；
2.  输入 java -v 查看是否生效(未生效的，貌似需要重新登陆下)。

--------------------

## 3. 安装ZooKeeper ##

Kafka集群是通过ZooKeeper进行选举Leader，和保存存储Topic的信息的，所以想运行Kafka。还需要搭建Zookeeper环境。  
ZooKeeper环境搭建步骤如下：

1.  从官网获取tar.gz包；
2.  将tar.gz包上传到阿里云服务器的opt/zookeeper下面；
3.  运行tar -zxvf ＊.tar.gz 解压缩；
4.  进入解压好的Zookeeper目录下的conf目录下面；
5.  将zoo\_sample.cfg文件改名成zoo.cfg；(当然也可以备份)
6.  根据需要修改zoo.cfg文件，当然也可以不改；
7.  启动zookeeper。

3-7步骤具体的操作命令如下所示：

cd opt/zookeeper
    tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz
    cd zookeeper-3.4.6／conf
    scp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
    cd ..
    #打开zookeeper命令
    ./bin/zkServer.sh start
    #关闭zookeeper命令
    ./bin/zkServer.sh stop

结果后可以通过ps -ef|grep zookeeper 查看zookeeper是否成功启动

--------------------

## 4. 安装Kafka ##

经过上面3个步骤的折磨后，我们终于可以来构建自己的kafka单机集群了。(单机你也说是集群，汗——不服来打我QAQ)  
kafka具体的步骤如下：

1.  下载kafka安装包，我下的包是kafka\_2.11-0.10.1.0.tgz，这个官网可找到这；
2.  将kafka包上传到阿里云服务器上的opt/kafka目录下；
3.  将kafka包解压；
4.  进入config目录下，修改server.properties文件；  
    主要修改内容为：

# The id of the broker. This must be set to a unique integer for each broker.
    broker.id=0
    port=9092
    host.name=阿里云内网地址
    advertised.host.name=阿里云外网映射地址

修改后的配置文件如下：

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    # the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    #
    #    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    #
    # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    # limitations under the License.
    
    # see kafka.server.KafkaConfig for additional details and defaults
    
    ############################# Server Basics #############################
    
    # The id of the broker. This must be set to a unique integer for each broker.
    broker.id=0
    port=9092
    host.name=阿里云内网地址
    advertised.host.name=阿里云外网映射地址
    
    # Switch to enable topic deletion or not, default value is false
    delete.topic.enable=true
    
    ############################# Socket Server Settings #############################
    
    # The address the socket server listens on. It will get the value returned from
    # java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName() if not configured.
    #   FORMAT:
    #     listeners = security_protocol://host_name:port
    #   EXAMPLE:
    #     listeners = PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092
    #listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092
    
    # Hostname and port the broker will advertise to producers and consumers. If not set,
    # it uses the value for "listeners" if configured.  Otherwise, it will use the value
    # returned from java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName().
    #advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092
    
    # The number of threads handling network requests
    num.network.threads=3
    
    # The number of threads doing disk I/O
    num.io.threads=8
    
    # The send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) used by the socket server
    socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400
    
    # The receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) used by the socket server
    socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400
    
    # The maximum size of a request that the socket server will accept (protection against OOM)
    socket.request.max.bytes=104857600
    
    
    ############################# Log Basics #############################
    
    # A comma seperated list of directories under which to store log files
    log.dirs=/tmp/kafka-logs
    
    # The default number of log partitions per topic. More partitions allow greater
    # parallelism for consumption, but this will also result in more files across
    # the brokers.
    num.partitions=1
    
    # The number of threads per data directory to be used for log recovery at startup and flushing at shutdown.
    # This value is recommended to be increased for installations with data dirs located in RAID array.
    num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1
    
    ############################# Log Flush Policy #############################
    
    # Messages are immediately written to the filesystem but by default we only fsync() to sync
    # the OS cache lazily. The following configurations control the flush of data to disk.
    # There are a few important trade-offs here:
    #    1. Durability: Unflushed data may be lost if you are not using replication.
    #    2. Latency: Very large flush intervals may lead to latency spikes when the flush does occur as there will be a lot of data to flush.
    #    3. Throughput: The flush is generally the most expensive operation, and a small flush interval may lead to exceessive seeks.
    # The settings below allow one to configure the flush policy to flush data after a period of time or
    # every N messages (or both). This can be done globally and overridden on a per-topic basis.
    
    # The number of messages to accept before forcing a flush of data to disk
    #log.flush.interval.messages=10000
    
    # The maximum amount of time a message can sit in a log before we force a flush
    #log.flush.interval.ms=1000
    
    ############################# Log Retention Policy #############################
    
    # The following configurations control the disposal of log segments. The policy can
    # be set to delete segments after a period of time, or after a given size has accumulated.
    # A segment will be deleted whenever *either* of these criteria are met. Deletion always happens
    # from the end of the log.
    
    # The minimum age of a log file to be eligible for deletion
    log.retention.hours=168
    
    # A size-based retention policy for logs. Segments are pruned from the log as long as the remaining
    # segments don't drop below log.retention.bytes.
    #log.retention.bytes=1073741824
    
    # The maximum size of a log segment file. When this size is reached a new log segment will be created.
    log.segment.bytes=1073741824
    
    # The interval at which log segments are checked to see if they can be deleted according
    # to the retention policies
    log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000
    
    ############################# Zookeeper #############################
    
    # Zookeeper connection string (see zookeeper docs for details).
    # This is a comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
    # server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002".
    # You can also append an optional chroot string to the urls to specify the
    # root directory for all kafka znodes.
    zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181
    
    # Timeout in ms for connecting to zookeeper
    zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=6000

1.  启动kafka。

nohup ./bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties >  /dev/null 2>&1 &

6.验证kafka是否启动成功；  
运行jps，查看是否名为kafka的进程即可。

--------------------

## 5. 踩过的坑 ##

1.  要配置hostname，port端口号 和 其他选项  
    Bug：ERROR org.apache.kafka.common.errors.InvalidReplicationFactorException: replication factor: 1 larger than available brokers: 0  
    说的很明白，可以使用的broker数量少于1个，可就是Kafka进程没有启动或宕机了。  
    解决办法：1. 运行JPS 查看是否有Kafka进程 ； 2.重新启动Kafka。
2.  无法绑定到某某地址  
    Bug：Socket server failed to bind to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9092: Cannot assign requested address.  
    在ECS上面配置kafka的地址千万不要写外部地址，比如139.225.155.153(我随便写的)，这样事绑定不上去的，因为这个是阿里云内部；它会去内网去寻找他的地址，所以配成127.0.0.1 会自动识别成本机地址/不然应该使用外网的映射地址。
3.  host name配置出问题  
    Bug：报错：java.net.UnknownHostException: 主机名: 主机名

Caused by: java.net.UnknownHostException: iZuf6gsbgu35znsy7ve3s6x: iZuf6gsbgu35znsy7ve3s6x
    	at java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost(InetAddress.java:1475)
    	at kafka.network.RequestChannel$.<init>(RequestChannel.scala:40)
    	at kafka.network.RequestChannel$.<clinit>(RequestChannel.scala)
    	... 10 more

配置etc/hostname 和 etc/hosts文件，具体操作请看：  
https://my.oschina.net/heguangdong/blog/13678

4 外部调用无法消费kafka

21:45:58,162 DEBUG Selector:365 - Connection with /168.221.153.152 disconnected
    java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
    	at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.checkConnect(Native Method)
    	at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:739)
    	at org.apache.kafka.common.network.PlaintextTransportLayer.finishConnect(PlaintextTransportLayer.java:51)
    	at org.apache.kafka.common.network.KafkaChannel.finishConnect(KafkaChannel.java:73)
    	at org.apache.kafka.common.network.Selector.pollSelectionKeys(Selector.java:323)
    	at org.apache.kafka.common.network.Selector.poll(Selector.java:291)
    	at org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient.poll(NetworkClient.java:260)
    	at org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.internals.Sender.run(Sender.java:236)
    	at org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.internals.Sender.run(Sender.java:135)
    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
    21:45:58,162 DEBUG NetworkClient:463 - Node -1 disconnected.

这个问题是kafka的config/server.properties文件配置不当导致的，详细请看  
1.http://stackoverflow.com/questions/33541114/kafka-0-8-2-2-unable-to-publish-messages  
2.http://www.cnblogs.com/snifferhu/p/5102629.html  
3. http://www.tuicool.com/articles/n632MvV  
4. [kafka安装出现的几个问题][kafka 1]

--------------------

## 6. 其他 ##

关于Kafka的配置文件具体内容、Kafka如何构建集群、Kafka常用命令、Kafka简单Demo的编写和Kafka Streams 例子的编写，请看Kafka系列的其它部分内容。

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[kafka]: /images/20220713/45de2d8143e54d51b2d98db93a4b8fea.png
[kafka 1]: http://www.cnblogs.com/thinkingandworkinghard/p/6113069.html?utm_source=itdadao&utm_medium=referral