如何为 ESP 系列模组烧录固件

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-06-09 00:42 787阅读 0赞

ESP FLASH TOOL 的官方下载地址为： [http://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/tools/flash\_download\_tools\_v3.4.9.2\_1.zip][http_www.espressif.com_sites_default_files_tools_flash_download_tools_v3.4.9.2_1.zip]

烧写工具说明 [http://bbs.espressif.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=433][http_bbs.espressif.com_viewtopic.php_f_5_t_433]

烧写前请参考[如何安装安信可一体化开发环境][Link 1]完成 sdk 的编译

或者在 [ESP8266 最新SDK发布][ESP8266 _SDK]　或　[ESP32 最新SDK发布][ESP32 _SDK] 页面下载最新固件

## 硬件连接 ##

ESP8266有运行模式、下载模式、测试模式的区别，进入下载模式可参考以下配置：

<table style="border-spacing:0px; border-collapse:collapse; width:1140px; max-width:100%; margin-bottom:20px"> 
 <thead style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:0px"> 模式</td> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> CH_PD(EN)</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> RST</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> GPIO15</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> GPIO0</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> GPIO2</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> TXD0</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style=""> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> UART 下载模式</th> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 低</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 低</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> Flash 运行模式</th> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 低</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 高</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> Chip 测试模式</th> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> -</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> -</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> -</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> -</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> -</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 低</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

ESP32 的运行状态主要由 GPIO0 决定

1. 首先确保模组可以正常运行工作，发送 AT 指令可以有回复 AT OK（即确保电源和串口连接正常）；

2. 拉低 GPIO0，打开串口工具，在波特率`74880`下观察模组的启动或复位后的打印信息；

3. 若出现以下红色字符则认为模组已经进入了下载模式（后面的`7`数值不用理会），可以去正常进行下载。

`ets Jan 8 2014,rst cause 1, boot mode:(1,7)`

`可参考如下电路：`

[![downloadfirmware_hardware.png_w_500_tok_a4ca65][]][downloadfirmware_hardware.png_w_500_tok_a4ca65 1]

1. 首先确保模组可以正常运行工作（即确保电源和串口连接正常）；

2. 拉低 GPIO0，打开串口工具，在波特率`115200`下观察模组的启动或复位后的打印信息；

3. 若出现以下红色字符则认为模组已经进入了下载模式，可以去正常进行下载。

rst:0x10 (RTCWDT\_RTC\_RESET),boot:0x3 (DOWNLOAD\_BOOT(UART0/UART1/SDIO\_REI\_REO\_V2))

`waiting for download`

## ESP8266 Flash 地址配置 ##

烧录时的配置选项与编译时的配置是相关的， 编译SDK时，控制台会提示bin文件的烧录地址，配置不同，烧录的地址和需要的文件也不同

我们按照烧录文件的不同分为两种情况： 支持云端升级 和 不支持云端升级

另外，根据flash容量的不同，我们还要调整bin文件烧录的地址

支持云端升级的固件，在 flash 中会分为 2 个区，一个用来运行程序，一个用来保存升级固件， 当运行 user1 时升级，程序会下载固件到 user2，下载完毕后，下次启动时从 user2 启动，依次替换，实现云端升级。

user2 仅用作升级使用，用户烧录时无需下载 user2.bin，此处仅为说明 user2 的存放位置

`注意1：乐鑫在不同版本的 SDK 中有可能会改变这些烧录位置，以下说明仅为参考，建议以开发时的 Console 输出信息为准。`

`注意2：合并后的固件内已经包含了地址信息，只需烧写到 0x0 地址即可。`

### 不支持云端升级 （NoBoot 模式） ###

<table style="border-spacing:0px; border-collapse:collapse; width:1140px; max-width:100%; margin-bottom:20px"> 
 <thead style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 文件名称</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 8Mbit 地址分配</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 16Mbit 地址分配</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 32Mbit 地址分配</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style=""> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> eagle.flash.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x00000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x00000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x00000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 主程序，由代码编译生成</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> eagle.irom0text.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x40000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x40000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x40000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 主程序，由代码编译生成</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> esp_init_data_default.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0xFC000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x1FC000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x3FC000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 由乐鑫在 SDK 中提供</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> blank.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0xFE000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x1FE000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x3FE000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 由乐鑫在 SDK 中提供</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 支持云端升级 （Boot 模式） ###

<table style="border-spacing:0px; border-collapse:collapse; width:1140px; max-width:100%; margin-bottom:20px"> 
 <thead style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 文件名称</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 8Mbit 地址分配</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 16Mbit 地址分配</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 32Mbit 地址分配</th> 
   <th style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:bottom; border-top-width:0px; border-bottom-width:2px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style=""> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> boot.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x00000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x00000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x00000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 由乐鑫在 SDK 中提供，建议一直使用最新版本</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> user1.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x01000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x01000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x01000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 主程序，由代码编译生成</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> user2.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x81000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x81000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x81000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 主程序，由代码编译生成</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> esp_init_data_default.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0xFC000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x1FC000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x3FC000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 由乐鑫在 SDK 中提供</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> blank.bin</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0xFE000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x1FE000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 0x3FE000</td> 
   <td style="padding:5px; line-height:1.42857; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 由乐鑫在 SDK 中提供</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## ESP32 Flash 地址配置 ##

ESP32 在编译时，通过 make menuconfig 来配置 Partition Table 分别支持 Single factory app, no OTA、Factory app, two OTA definitions、Custom partition table CSV

`注意1：乐鑫在不同版本的 SDK 中有可能会改变这些烧录位置，以下说明仅为参考，建议以开发时的 Console 输出信息为准。`

`注意2：合并后的固件内已经包含了地址信息，只需烧写到 0x0 地址即可。`

### 不支持OTA ###

默认生成 bootloader.bin、app\_demo.bin、partitions\_singleapp.bin

### 支持OTA ###

### 自定义 ###

参考 [https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/docs/partition-tables.rst][https_github.com_espressif_esp-idf_blob_master_docs_partition-tables.rst]

## 烧录下载 ##

`说明：`

\*切记将模组按以上电路接线完成后，再上电。

\*保证3.3V 电源供应，一般要求外部电源输出电流需在 500mA 及以上。

1、打开ESP FLASH TOOL，根据上一章节配置bin文件和烧录地址

2、需配置晶振频率、SPI SPEED、SPI MODE、Flash Size、串口端口号和波特率等，此处波特率可以尽量选大一些，以节省时间，若提示ERROR，请降低波特率，在此以 `8Mbit` Flash为例：

[![flash_firmware1.jpg_w_650_tok_60b43e][]][flash_firmware1.jpg_w_650_tok_60b43e 1]

3、配置完毕后，再给模块上电，使其进入下载模式，再点击【START】开始烧录，直到烧录完成:

[![flash_firmware2.jpg_w_650_tok_d6a426][]][flash_firmware2.jpg_w_650_tok_d6a426 1]

4、`下载完成后：`

\* 请将 ESP8266 的 boot 模式切换到 flash boot，即 GPIO15→0, GPIO0→1, GPIO2→1。

\* 可通过串口调试工具查看 log 打印或进行串口指令交互。

## 如何合并固件 ##

## 如何擦除整片 Flash ##

使用下面的文件烧写到Flash 0x0 地址即可

[erase\_flash\_bins.7z][erase_flash_bins.7z]

[http_www.espressif.com_sites_default_files_tools_flash_download_tools_v3.4.9.2_1.zip]: http://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/tools/flash_download_tools_v3.4.9.2_1.zip
[http_bbs.espressif.com_viewtopic.php_f_5_t_433]: http://bbs.espressif.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=433
[Link 1]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/ai_ide_install
[ESP8266 _SDK]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/esp8266/sdk
[ESP32 _SDK]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/esp32/sdk
[downloadfirmware_hardware.png_w_500_tok_a4ca65]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/_media/esp_download/downloadfirmware_hardware.png?w=500&tok=a4ca65
[downloadfirmware_hardware.png_w_500_tok_a4ca65 1]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/_detail/esp_download/downloadfirmware_hardware.png?id=esp_download
[https_github.com_espressif_esp-idf_blob_master_docs_partition-tables.rst]: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/docs/partition-tables.rst
[flash_firmware1.jpg_w_650_tok_60b43e]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/_media/esp_download/flash_firmware1.jpg?w=650&tok=60b43e
[flash_firmware1.jpg_w_650_tok_60b43e 1]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/_detail/esp_download/flash_firmware1.jpg?id=esp_download
[flash_firmware2.jpg_w_650_tok_d6a426]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/_media/esp_download/flash_firmware2.jpg?w=650&tok=d6a426
[flash_firmware2.jpg_w_650_tok_d6a426 1]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/_detail/esp_download/flash_firmware2.jpg?id=esp_download
[erase_flash_bins.7z]: http://wiki.ai-thinker.com/_media/tools/erase_flash_bins.7z