android ndk环境配置(包括CDT环境设置)

- 日理万妓 2022-05-30 03:17 438阅读 0赞

**一、关于NDK**  
Android NDK全称：Native Development Kit，即本地开发包。   
1、NDK是一系列工具的集合。   
NDK提供了一系列的工具，这些工具对开发者的帮助是巨大的。   
它们能帮助开发者快速开发C（或C++）的动态库，并能自动将so库和java应用一起打包成apk。  
NDK集成了交叉编译器，并提供了相应的mk文件隔离CPU、平台、ABI等差异，  
开发人员只需要简单修改mk文件（指出“哪些文件需要编译”、“编译特性要求”等），就可以创建出so库。   
NDK可以自动地将so和Java应用一起打包，极大地减轻了开发人员的打包工作。   
2、NDK提供了一份稳定、功能有限的API头文件声明。   
Google明确声明该API是稳定的，在后续所有版本中都稳定支持当前发布的API。  
从该版本的NDK中看出，这些API支持的功能非常有限，包含有：  
C标准库（libc）、标准数学库（libm）、压缩库（libz）、Log库（liblog）。

**二、NDK实例的实现**  
对于Windows环境下NDK的开发，如果使用的NDK是r7之前的版本，必须要安装Cygwin才能使用NDK；  
**从r7开始**，Google的提供了一个ndk-build.cmd的脚本，可以直接用它编译，而**不需要使用Cygwin了**。  
只需要为Eclipse Android工程添加一个Builder，就能让Eclipse自动编译NDK。

本文是讲述NDK-**r8e**下的实现实例。  
下面是在windows下为NDK配置自动编译的builder的过程（对于Linux，只需将ndk-build.cmd修改为ndk-build就可以了）。  
（1）先下载安装NDK  
下载地址：[http://developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/index.html][http_developer.android.com_sdk_ndk_index.html]  
下载后解压缩就可以用了。  
（2）新建工程和jni文件夹  
打开Eclipse，新建或导入一个Android工程（我的取名为NdkTest），在工程目录下新建jni文件夹；  
该jni文件夹就用来保存NDK需要编译的文件代码等。  
（3）新建并配置一个Builder：  
 （a）Project->Properties->Builders->New，新建一个Builder。   
 （b）在弹出的【Choose configuration type】对话框，选择【Program】，点击【OK】：   
 （c）在弹出的【Edit Configuration】对话框中，配置选项卡【Main】。  
      在“Name“中输入新builders的名称（我取名为Ndk\_Builder）。  
      在“Location”中输入nkd-build.cmd的路径。  
      （我的是E:\\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20130522\\ndk-r8e\\ndk-build.cmd，   路径不能有空格  
        根据各自的ndk路径设置，也可以点击“Browser File System…”来选取这个路径）。  
      在“Working Diretcoty”中输入项目工程的路径$\{workspace\_loc:/project\}  
      （我的是$\{workspace\_loc:/NdkTest\}，也可以点击“Browse Workspace”来选取本工程目录）。  
  （d）【Edit Configuration】对话框中，配置选项卡【Refresh】。  
      勾选“Refresh resources upon completion”，  
      勾选“The entire workspace”，  
      勾选“Recuresively include sub-folders”。  
   （e）【Edit Configuration】对话框中，配置选项卡【Build options】。  
       勾选“After a “Clean””，  
      勾选“During manual builds”，  
      勾选“During auto builds”，  
      勾选“Specify working set of relevant resources”。   
      点击“Specify Resources…”  
      勾选本工程的“jni“目录，点击”finish“。  
点击“OK“，完成配置。到这里Eclipse就能自动调用NDK编译jni目录下的C/C++代码了。

出现的提示信息如下：  
Multiple markers at this line  
  - Syntax error  
  - Type 'JNIEnv' could not be resolved  
  - Type 'JNICALL' could not be resolved

是由于没有将jni.h导入的缘故，而这个文件在ndk的目录下面。所以，参照以下步骤：  
Project Properties -> C/C++ General -> Path and Symbols  
选择include标签，Add -> $Android\_NDK\_HOME/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include  
且选中All languages.  
最后Apply -> OK  
这样错误就解决了。

5) Press Ctrl+n (or choose File->New->Other… from main menu) and selectConvert to a C/C++ Project.

[![Convert to a C/C++ Project][Convert to a C_C_ Project]][Convert to a C_C_ Project_Convert to a C_C_ Project]

This will convert your project into a mixed Java & C/C++ project rather than into pure C/C++ project (the name of the function is misleading).

Click Next. Then choose your project and below choose Makefile project and – Other Toolchain –. Click Finish.

[![Convert to C/C++ Project Window][Convert to C_C_ Project Window]][Convert to C_C_ Project Window_Convert to C_C_ Project Window]

After doing this Eclipse will ask you if you want to switch to C/C++ perspective. ChooseYes because otherwise you wouldn’t be able to set C/C++ build preferences.

6) Click on your project with right button and select Properties or press Alt+Enter

Properties windows will appear. Here you have to configure use of ndk-build instead of make all command and set proper include paths.

7) Choose C/C++ Build and configure ndk-build as a build command

In Builder settings fill ndk-build into Build command entry. You have to uncheck Use default build command. You also need to have ndk-build script in your PATH.

[![Set ndk-build as a build tool][]][Set ndk-build as a build tool 1]

In Behaviour setting uncheck clean (ndk-build cleans project automatically on build and does not support separate clean command) and clear all text from build (ndk-build does not accept all as a parameter.

[![Configure ndk-build parameters and usage][]][Configure ndk-build parameters and usage 1]

Click Apply to save settings.

8) Choose C/C++ General->Paths and Symbols and configure include path

In Includes tab choose GNU C or GNU C++ and click Add… button. Add path to include directory which is located in platforms/android-4/arch/arm/usr/include subdirectory of place where you’ve unpacked Android ndk. Include path depends on target for which you are compiling (android-4 in my case — i.e. Android 1.6).

[![Configure include path][]][Configure include path 1]

Finally click Apply and OK and that is all. Now you can use all Eclipse power for editing your C/C++ sources. If you click Run or Debug Eclipse will compile C/C++ code as well as Java code and run it on device/emulator. However you will not be able to debug C/C++ code.

In Eclipse:

*  right click the project,
 *  click properties
 *  Expand "C/C++ general" the item in the left hand tree view by clicking the arror, (just clicking the item itself does not expand the suboptions)
 *  From the suboptions select "Preprocessor Include Paths, Macros etc."
 *  Click the tab "Providers" and check the box next to "CDT GCC Built-in Compiler Settings \[ Shared \]".

转自：[http://blog.csdn.net/gaojinshan/article/details/9464195][http_blog.csdn.net_gaojinshan_article_details_9464195]

[**http://mhandroid.wordpress.com/2011/01/23/using-eclipse-for-android-cc-development/**][http_mhandroid.wordpress.com_2011_01_23_using-eclipse-for-android-cc-development]

[http_developer.android.com_sdk_ndk_index.html]: http://developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/index.html
[Convert to a C_C_ Project]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/3.png?w=640
[Convert to a C_C_ Project_Convert to a C_C_ Project]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/3.png
[Convert to C_C_ Project Window]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/4.png?w=640
[Convert to C_C_ Project Window_Convert to C_C_ Project Window]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/4.png
[Set ndk-build as a build tool]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/5.png?w=640&h=437
[Set ndk-build as a build tool 1]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/5.png
[Configure ndk-build parameters and usage]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/6.png?w=640&h=437
[Configure ndk-build parameters and usage 1]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/6.png
[Configure include path]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/7.png?w=640&h=322
[Configure include path 1]: http://mhandroid.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/7.png
[http_blog.csdn.net_gaojinshan_article_details_9464195]: http://blog.csdn.net/gaojinshan/article/details/9464195
[http_mhandroid.wordpress.com_2011_01_23_using-eclipse-for-android-cc-development]: http://mhandroid.wordpress.com/2011/01/23/using-eclipse-for-android-cc-development/