oracle11g 最终版本11.2.0.4安装详细过程

待我称王封你为后i 2022-05-28 05:23 1363阅读 0赞

## \--安装背景 ##

**oracle 11.02.0.4 安装介质**

**linux：https://pan.baidu.com/s/13M8vnrYbS\_R5GQFGjp2hRw 提取码：1111**

**windows：**[https://pan.baidu.com/s/1srVx6qc43zEjkdWR2PKr1A  提取码：1111][https_pan.baidu.com_s_1srVx6qc43zEjkdWR2PKr1A_ _1111]

## 1，修改内核 ##

1.1 修改sysctl.conf文件

\[root@orcltest Downloads\]\# vim/etc/sysctl.conf

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> # add by tim.man kernel.shmmax = 277495689510912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 fs.file-max = 6815744 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; kernel.shmall = 4294967296 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 262144 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 6 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 5 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

1.2 使参数生效

\[root@orcltest Downloads\]\# sysctl –p

## 2，增加用户和组 ##

\[root@orcltestDownloads\]\# groupadd oinstall

\[root@orcltestDownloads\]\# groupadd dba

\[root@orcltestDownloads\]\# groupadd oper

\[root@orcltestDownloads\]\# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

\[root@orcltestDownloads\]\# passwd oracle

## 3，修改limits.conf限制 ##

\[root@orcltestDownloads\]\# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> oracle soft nproc 2047&nbsp; oracle hard nproc 16384 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 4，修改/etc/pam.d/login ##

\[root@orcltestDownloads\]\# vim /etc/pam.d/login

session required/lib64/security/pam\_limits.so

## 5，修改bash\_profile文件 ##

**（1）修改profile：**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> &nbsp;[root@orcltest Downloads]# vim /etc/profile &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; # add by tim.man if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then &nbsp;&nbsp; ulimit -p 16384 &nbsp;&nbsp; ulimit -n 65536 else &nbsp;&nbsp; ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**（2）修改bash\_profile：**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> [oracle@orcltest ~]$ vim .bash_profile export EDITOR=vi export ORACLE_SID=doea5db export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1 export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oraInventory export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk" export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss' export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin umask 022 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**使bash\_profile生效：**

\[oracle@orcltest ~\]$ source .bash\_profile

## 6，创建目录 ##

\[root@orcltest~\]\# mkdir /data/oracle

\[root@orcltest~\]\# chown oracle:oinstall /data

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# mkdir /data/oracle [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# mkdir /data/oraInventory [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# cd /oracle/app [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# ln -s&nbsp; /data/oracle oracle [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# ln -s /data/oraInventory oraInventory &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /data [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 app]# [root@ azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 oracle]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle [root@ azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 oracle]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle [root@ azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 oracle]# chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oracle [root@ azure_earth_dbm1_3_112 oracle]# </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 7，安装rpms包 ##

Rpms基础包下载地址：[http://download.csdn.net/detail/mchdba/9520785][http_download.csdn.net_detail_mchdba_9520785]

Rpm包安装：rpm -ivh \*--force –nodeps

Rpms安装有时候不一定保证有效，可以再用yum安装：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> # 采用yum安装，如下： yum install -y binutils* yum install -y compat-libstdc* yum install -y elfutils-libelf* yum install -y gcc* yum install -y glibc* yum install -y ksh* yum install -y libaio* yum install -y libgcc* yum install -y libstdc* yum install -y make* yum install -y sysstat* yum install libXp* -y yum install -y glibc-kernheaders # 检查下lib是否安装齐全： [root@powerlong4 ~]# rpm -q --queryformat %-{name}-%{version}-%{release}-%{arch}"\n" \ compat-libstdc++-33 glibc-kernheaders glibc-headers libaio libgcc glibc-devel xorg-x11-deprecated-libs 如果缺少，就继续安装缺失的组件包。 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 8，安装vnc ##

**vnc安装参考：**[http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/51100582][http_blog.csdn.net_mchdba_article_details_51100582]

## 9，解压缩 ##

Oracle官网一般下载不到，需要用户名密码登录，大家如果需要这款Oracle软件下载，欢迎在下面留言区留下你的email地址，我看到了会及时发给你的。

安装单点的，就1和2一起解压，解压完叫database目录；

安装集群的，就先搞3，装完grid包后，再搞1和2；

这里只是准备部署dataguard，所以只需要安装1of7和2of7这2个zip包即可。

unzipp13390677\_112040\_Linux-x86-64\_1of7.zip

unzip p13390677\_112040\_Linux-x86-64\_2of7.zip

解压缩完，会看到一个database目录。

![20180330110001460][]

1和2是数据库软件；

3是rac软件；

4是client客户端；

5是gateways；

6是example示例；

7是删除介质；

## 10，vnc viewer远程安装 ##

\[root@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_112 ~\]\# exportDISPLAY=10.254.3.112:1.0

\[root@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_112 ~\]\# xhost +

access control disabled, clients canconnect from any host

\[root@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_112 ~\]\#

\[oracle@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_111 database\]$./runInstaller

"You are attempting to install 64-bitOracle on a 32-bit operating system. This is not supported and will not work."

\[oracle@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_111 database\]$vim runInstaller

\# 注释掉exit 126即可

if \[ \`$UNAME\` = "Linux" \]; then

if  \[  -e $GETCONF \]; then

value=\`$GETCONF LONG\_BIT\`

if  \[ $value != 64 \]; then

echo "\\"You are attempting to install 64-bit Oracle on a32-bit operating system.  This is notsupported and will not work.\\"";

\#exit 126; \#corresponding to the exit code of oui

**然后再执行./runInstaller，会有如下界面，正式开始界面安装oracle数据库，选择忽略软件更新的提示，点击next下一步，如下图01.png：**

![Center][]

**之后选择单实例数据库安装，如02.png所示：**

![Center 1][]

**从左面的可用语言里面选择UK、SC、TC，如下03.png所示：**

![Center 2][]

**之后选择企业版本4.7GB，如下04.png所示：**

**![Center 3][]**

**下面的oraclebase根目录以及软件目录，都默认不需要设置（当然如果你要改路径也是可以的），默认后直接next下一步，如05.png：**

![Center 4][]

**接下来在oraInventorygroup name的时候选择oinstall，如08.png所示next下一步：**

![Center 5][]

**在databaseadministrator group上选择dba，在databaseoperator group上面选择oper，然后net下一步，如009.png所示：**

![Center 6][]

**然后，执行checksoracle基础组件，如果有libaio、compat的提示，直接IgnoreAll即可，next下一步如010.png所示：**

![Center 7][]

**然后选择install安装，开始安装oracle软件，如011.png所示：**

![Center 8][]

**之后进入安装界面，会有进度条%显示，如012.png所示：**

![Center 9][]

**如果安装完成，会弹出ExecuteConfiguration scripts所示，选择OK完成oracle软件安装，如013.png所示：**

![Center 10][]

**之后，看到oracle安装到最好一步Finish，选择close结束，如014.png所示：**

![Center 11][]

## 11，执行dbca初始化脚本： ##

以root身份执行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh脚本（注：执行完脚本以后，在点击“ok”）：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> # 查找文件路径 [oracle@azure_earth_dbm1_3_111 database]$ find /data/ -name orainstRoot.sh /data/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [oracle@azure_earth_dbm1_3_111 database]$ find /data/ -name root.sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/inventory/Templates/root.sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh [oracle@azure_earth_dbm1_3_111 database]$ # 开始执行脚本 [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_111 soft]# sh /data/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /oracle/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /oracle/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_111 soft]# [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_111 soft]# sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ORACLE_OWNER= oracle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ORACLE_HOME=&nbsp; /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... &nbsp;&nbsp; Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... &nbsp;&nbsp; Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions. [root@azure_earth_dbm1_3_111 soft]# </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 12，netca创建oracle监听 ##

**在shell命令行sudo – oracle，然后执行netca命令，出现如下界面，选择默认的listener configure配置，如下015.png：**

![Center 12][]

**然后选择Add，添加新的监听，如016.png：**

![Center 13][]

**默认监听名字为LISTENER，然后next下一步如017.png所示**

![Center 14][]

**然后继续next下一步，如018.png所示：**

![Center 15][]

**端口选择默认的1521，然后next下一步如019.png所示：**

![Center 16][]

**Ok，listener添加完毕，点击cancel退出，如020.png所示：**

![Center 17][]

## 13，vnc远程dbca安装oracle数据库实例 ##

\[root@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_112 ~\]\# exportDISPLAY=192.168.3.112:1.0

\[root@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_112 ~\]\# xhost +

access control disabled, clients canconnect from any host

\[root@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_112 ~\]\#

\[oracle@azure\_earth\_dbm1\_3\_111 database\]$ dbca

**dbca后出现oracle实例安装界面，如下所示，选择第一个，然后next如021.png所示：**

![Center 18][]

**选择创建数据库，然后next下一步如022.jpg所示：**

![Center 19][]

**填写全局实例名和SID，这里默认是一样的powerdes，然后next如024.jpg所示：**

![Center 20][]

**之后下一步默认，如025.jpg所示：**

![Center 21][]

**设置统一的sys密码，如026.jpg、027.png所示所示：**

![Center 22][]

![Center 23][]

**选择用本地的数据文件模版地址：如028.jpg所示：**

![Center 24][]

**之后配置闪存区和归档，如029.jpg所示：**

![Center 25][]

**选择模版schemas，如030.jpg所示：**

![Center 26][]

**配置sga、pga，默认是40%，这里因为是专用的db服务器，可以调整到70%，如031.png所示：**

![Center 27][]

**然后选择连接数，默认是150，基本不够用，这里可以设置为5000，如032.png所示：**

![Center 28][]

**然后选择字符集，设定16GBK，如033.png所示：**

![Center 29][]

**然后出现Data Store，看到一些文件以及存储参数，如034.jpg所示：**

![Center 30][]

**然后选择CreateDatabase和GenerateDatabase Creation Scripts，开始create，如035.jpg所示：**

![Center 31][]

**之后，跳出确认信息界面，点击ok确认，如036.jpg所示：**

![Center 32][]

**之后看到配置界面，提示scripts创建成功了，点击ok，如037.jpg所示：**

**![Center 33][]**

**再之后出现的是创建db的界面，创建数据文件，如038.jpg所示：**

**![Center 34][]**

**然后开始创建数据文件，这个时间比较漫长，主要看磁盘写入速度，如果是ssd磁盘，几分钟就结束了，如果是普通磁盘估计要至少一个小时左右吧，之后创建数据文件结束后，oracle数据库实例就创建完成了，如039.jpg所示：**

![Center 35][]

## 14，修改启动参数打开归档和闪回 ##

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;"> # 修改spfile参数 SQL&gt; alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/doea5/arch'; SQL&gt; alter system set log_archive_format='arch_%t_%s_%r.log' scope=spfile; SQL&gt; alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=20G scope=spfile; SQL&gt; alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery'; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; SQL&gt; alter system set db_flashback_retention_target=10080 scope=spfile; SQL&gt; alter system set undo_retention=10800; # 打开归档和闪回 SQL&gt; shutdown immediate SQL&gt; startup mount SQL&gt; alter database archivelog ; SQL&gt; alter database flashback on; SQL&gt; alter database open; </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**PS：oracle设置随机开机服务自启动：[http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/51176911][http_blog.csdn.net_mchdba_article_details_51176911]**

**OK，至此，oracle11g2.0.4顺利圆满安装完成了。**

**如果一直报“xhost:  unable to open display”，而且没有其它办法解决，可以尝试下面的途径：**

\[root@pddbnew ~\]\# export DISPLAY=10.251.3.31:1.0  
\[root@pddbnew ~\]\# xhost +  
xhost:  unable to open display "10.251.3.31:1.0"  
\[root@pddbnew ~\]\#   
\[root@pddbnew ~\]\#   
\[root@pddbnew ~\]\# export DISPLAY=pddbnew:1.0  
\[root@pddbnew ~\]\# xhost +  
xhost:  unable to open display "pddbnew:1.0"  
\[root@pddbnew ~\]\#

**解决方式：**

执行命令： export DISPLAY=:1.0  
执行命令：xdpyinfo

（ps：xdpyinfo命令会出来一堆信息）  
执行命令：xhost +

[https_pan.baidu.com_s_1srVx6qc43zEjkdWR2PKr1A_ _1111]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/10wtQrYpyrhZ2dUyAEgdbFQ
[http_download.csdn.net_detail_mchdba_9520785]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/mchdba/9520785
[http_blog.csdn.net_mchdba_article_details_51100582]: http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/51100582
[20180330110001460]: /images/20220528/3ed02fb9a573408f80092277d44f5ee7.png
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[http_blog.csdn.net_mchdba_article_details_51176911]: http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/51176911