requests库的七个主要方法（http的请求方法）及response对象的属性

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2022-05-25 04:15 198阅读 0赞

#### Requests库的七个主要方法： ####

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;">方法&nbsp;</span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;">说明</span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">requests.request()</span><br></span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">构造一个请求，支撑一下各方法的基础方法</span></span><br></span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">requests.get()</span><br></span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">获取HTML网页的主要方法，对应HTTP的GET</span></span><br></span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">requests.head()</span><br></span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">获取HTML网页头的信息方法，对应HTTP的HEAD</span></span><br></span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">requests.post()</span><br></span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">向HTML网页提交POST请求方法，对应HTTP的POST</span></span></span><br></span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">requests.put()</span><br></span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">向HTML网页提交PUT请求的方法，对应HTTP的RUT</span><br></span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">requests.patch()</span><br></span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">向HTML网页提交局部修改请求，对应于HTTP的PATCH</span><br></span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">requests.delete()</span><br></span></td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">向HTML页面提交删除请求,对应HTTP的DELETE</span><br></span></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

get()方法

r = requests.get(url,params = None,\*\*kwargs)

url:网址

params：url中的额外参数，字典或字节流格式，可选

\*\*kwargs：12个控制访问参数

>>>import requests                \#加载requests模块

>>>r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')                \#爬取url的网址信息

>>>print(r.status\_code)                \#查看状态

200                \#200为正常，404为错误

>>>type(r)                \#查看它的类

<class 'requests.models.Response'>                \#response类

>>>r.headers                \#获得头部信息

#### response对象的属性 ####

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">属性</td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">说明</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">r.status_code</td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">HTTP请求的返回状态</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">r.text</td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">HTTP响应内容的字符串形式，即：url对应的页面内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">r.encoding</td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">从HTTP header中猜测的响应内容编码方式</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">r.apparent_encoding</td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">从内容中分析出的响应内容编码方式（备选编码方式）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">r.content</td> 
   <td style="text-align:center;">HTTP响应内容的二进制形式</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

示例：

>>>import requests

>>>r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')

>>>r.status\_code  
   
200

>>>r.text

'<!DOCTYPE html>\\r\\n<html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>ç\\x99¾åº¦ä¸\\x80ä¸\\x8bï¼\\x8cä½\\xa0å°±ç\\x9f¥é\\x81\\x93</title></head> <body link=\#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head\_wrapper> <div class=s\_form> <div class=s\_form\_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd\_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz\_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv\_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv\_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s\_ipt\_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s\_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s\_btn\_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=ç\\x99¾åº¦ä¸\\x80ä¸\\x8b class="bg s\_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj\_trnews class=mnav>æ\\x96°é\\x97»</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj\_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj\_trmap class=mnav>å\\x9c°å\\x9b¾</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj\_trvideo class=mnav>è§\\x86é¢\\x91</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj\_trtieba class=mnav>è´´å\\x90§</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz\_come%3d1 name=tj\_login class=lb>ç\\x99»å½\\x95</a> </noscript> <script>document.write(\\'<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=\\'+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz\_come=1")+ \\'" name="tj\_login" class="lb">ç\\x99»å½\\x95</a>\\');\\r\\n                </script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj\_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">æ\\x9b´å¤\\x9aäº§å\\x93\\x81</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>å\\x85³äº\\x8eç\\x99¾åº¦</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>&copy;2017&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;<a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>ä½¿ç\\x94¨ç\\x99¾åº¦å\\x89\\x8då¿\\x85è¯»</a>&nbsp; <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>æ\\x84\\x8fè§\\x81å\\x8f\\x8dé¦\\x88</a>&nbsp;äº¬ICPè¯\\x81030173å\\x8f·&nbsp; <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>\\r\\n'

>>>r.encoding

'ISO-8859-1'

>>>r.apparent\_encoding

'utf-8'

>>>r.encoding = 'utf-8'

>>>r.text

'<!DOCTYPE html>\\r\\n<html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=\#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head\_wrapper> <div class=s\_form> <div class=s\_form\_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd\_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz\_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv\_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv\_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s\_ipt\_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s\_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s\_btn\_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s\_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj\_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj\_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj\_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj\_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj\_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz\_come%3d1 name=tj\_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write(\\'<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=\\'+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz\_come=1")+ \\'" name="tj\_login" class="lb">登录</a>\\');\\r\\n                </script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj\_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>&copy;2017&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;<a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>&nbsp; <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a>&nbsp;京ICP证030173号&nbsp; <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>\\r\\n'