华为Router 动态NAT地址转换配置

Myth丶恋晨 2022-05-22 06:43 266阅读 0赞

#### 一、组网需求： ####

某公司A部门和B部门的私网用户和互联网相连，路由器上接口GigabitEthernet0/0/0的公网地址为202.169.10.1/24，对端运营商侧地址为202.169.10.2/24。

A部门允许使用公网IP地址比较多（202.169.10.100～202.169.10.200），所以使用no-pat转换方式（只转换数据包的IP地址，并不使用端口号）的NAT方式替换A部门内部的主机地址（网段为192.168.20.0/24），访问因特网。

B部门允许使用公网IP地址比较少（202.169.10.201～202.169.10.202），所以使用pat转换方式（同时转换数据包中的IP地址和端口号）的NAT替换B区内部的主机地址（网段为10.0.0.0/24），访问因特网。

##### 1、网络拓扑 #####

![70][]

##### 2、配置思路 #####

配置接口IP地址、缺省路由和在WAN侧接口下配置NAT Outbound，实现内部主机访问外网服务功能。

#### 二、操作步骤 ####

##### 1、配置A、B部门主机IP地址，网关分别是192.168.20.1、10.0.0.1 #####

##### 2、在SWA上配置vlan #####

<Huawei>system-view
    [Huawei]sysname SWA
    [SWA]vlan 100
    [SWA-vlan100]q
    [SWA]interface  Ethernet0/0/1
    [SWA-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
    [SWA-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100
    [SWA-Ethernet0/0/1]q
    [SWA]interface  Ethernet 0/0/2
    [SWA-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
    [SWA-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
    [SWA-Ethernet0/0/2]q

##### 3、在SWB上配置vlan #####

[Huawei]sysname SWB
    [SWB]vlan 200
    [SWB-vlan200]q
    [SWB]interface Ethernet0/0/1
    [SWB-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
    [SWB-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 200
    [SWB-Ethernet0/0/1]q
    [SWB]interface Ethernet 0/0/2
    [SWB-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk 
    [SWB-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 
    [SWB-Ethernet0/0/2]q

##### 4、在Router上配置接口IP地址 #####

<Huawei>system-view 
    [Huawei]sysname Router
    [Router]vlan batch 100 200
    [Router]interface Vlanif 100
    [Router-Vlanif100]ip address 192.168.20.1 24
    [Router-Vlanif100]q
    [Router]interface Vlanif 200
    [Router-Vlanif200]ip address  10.0.0.1 24
    [Router-Vlanif200]q
    [Router]interface Ethernet 0/0/0
    [Router-Ethernet0/0/0]port link-type trunk 
    [Router-Ethernet0/0/0]port trunk  allow-pass vlan all 
    [Router-Ethernet0/0/0]q
    [Router]interface Ethernet 0/0/1
    [Router-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
    [Router-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass  vlan all
    [Router-Ethernet0/0/1]q

[Router]interface  GigabitEthernet  0/0/0
    [Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address  202.169.10.1 24
    [Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

这时候主机就可以ping通网关了

##### 5、在Router上配置缺省路由，指定下一跳为202.169.10.2 #####

[Router]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 202.169.10.2

##### 6、在Router上配置NAT Outbound（记住在出接口上应用） #####

[Router]nat address-group 1 202.169.10.100 202.169.10.200
    [Router]nat address-group 2 202.169.10.201 202.169.10.202
    [Router]acl number 3001
    [Router-acl-adv-3001]rule 5 permit  ip source  192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
    [Router-acl-adv-3001]q
    [Router]acl number 3002
    [Router-acl-adv-3002]rule  5 permit  ip source  10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
    [Router-acl-adv-3002]q
    [Router]interface  GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
    [Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 3001 address-group 1 no-pat
    [Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 3002 address-group 2
    [Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
    [Router]ip soft-forward enhance enable

如果需要在Router上执行ping -a source-ip-address命令通过指定发送ICMP ECHO-REQUEST报文的源IP地址来验证内网用户可以访问因特网，需要配置命令ip soft-forward enhance enable使能设备产生的控制报文的增强转发功能，这样，私网的源地址才能通过NAT转换为公网地址。

##### 7、查看结果 #####

[Router]display  nat outbound 
     NAT Outbound Information:
     --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Interface                     Acl     Address-group/IP/Interface      Type
     --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GigabitEthernet0/0/0         3001                              1    no-pat
     GigabitEthernet0/0/0         3002                              2       pat
     --------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total : 2

[Router]ping -a 192.168.20.1 202.169.10.2
      PING 202.169.10.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    
      --- 202.169.10.2 ping statistics ---
        5 packet(s) transmitted
        5 packet(s) received
        0.00% packet loss
        round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms
    
    [Router]ping -a 10.0.0.1 202.169.10.2
      PING 202.169.10.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=10 ms
        Reply from 202.169.10.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    
      --- 202.169.10.2 ping statistics ---
        5 packet(s) transmitted
        5 packet(s) received
        0.00% packet loss
        round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms

##### 8、查看NAT映射表项 #####

[Router]display nat session all verbose

![70 1][]

[70]: /images/20220522/e0bc6217f40e469ab5a9d57961f5ac5a.png
[70 1]: /images/20220522/631131cd98f4498d96d76964df8c006f.png