最简单的STM32入门教程----闪烁LED

我不是女神ヾ 2022-05-20 01:37 312阅读 0赞

本文讲述的是如何从零开始，使用keil建立一个简单的STM32的工程，并闪烁LED灯，给小白看。

第零步，当然首先你得有一个STM32的板子，其IO口上接了一个LED。。。

第一步，建立一个文件夹0.0

![401655-20150929170831215-240275395.png][]

第二步，打开keil，建立工程

![401655-20150929170832199-1356797671.png][]

![401655-20150929170833105-354967563.png][]

在弹出来的对话框中选择你所用的STM32的芯片。

![401655-20150929170834543-315624735.png][]

在接下来弹出来的对话框中选择是，这样keil就帮我们建立好了启动文件。

![401655-20150929170835261-2001694977.png][]

第三步，新建一个main.c文件，并添加到工程中。

点击New按钮，建立一个文本文件。

![401655-20150929170835949-1064281753.png][]

在建立的文本文件中输入C中的main函数

![401655-20150929170836496-600755133.png][]

点击保存

![401655-20150929170837449-852273132.png][]

保存后，将文件添加到工程中

![401655-20150929170838121-1557022066.png][]

![401655-20150929170838558-645617554.png][]

第四步，点击编译

![401655-20150929170838980-423582194.png][]

可以看到keil有报错

![401655-20150929170839418-910435671.png][]

错误信息为：没有定义的符号SystemInit，这是因为在启动文件中有调用SystemInit函数，但是我们没有定义它，如下图：

![401655-20150929170840605-2144428251.png][]

暂时不用理会上述启动文件中汇编的含义，只需在main.c中添加该函数即可消除该错误。

![401655-20150929170840980-118548684.png][]

修改后再编译，程序没有报错了。至此，一个STM32的工程就建立完成了。

第五步，将下面的代码复制粘贴

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      81 
    </div> 
    <div style="border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108);line-height:1.8em;text-align:right;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;">
      82 
    </div> 
    <div style="border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108);line-height:1.8em;text-align:right;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
      83 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:12px;min-height:auto;background:none;"> 
    <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:none;"> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define PERIPH_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ((unsigned int)0x40000000)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define APB2PERIPH_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (PERIPH_BASE + 0x10000)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOA_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (APB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x0800)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOB_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (APB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x0C00)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOC_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (APB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x1000)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOD_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (APB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x1400)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOE_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (APB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x1800)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOF_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (APB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x1C00)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOG_BASE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (APB2PERIPH_BASE + 0x2000)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOA_ODR_Addr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GPIOA_BASE+12) //0x4001080C</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOB_ODR_Addr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GPIOB_BASE+12) //0x40010C0C</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOC_ODR_Addr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GPIOC_BASE+12) //0x4001100C</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOD_ODR_Addr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GPIOD_BASE+12) //0x4001140C</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOE_ODR_Addr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GPIOE_BASE+12) //0x4001180C</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOF_ODR_Addr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GPIOF_BASE+12) //0x40011A0C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOG_ODR_Addr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (GPIOG_BASE+12) //0x40011E0C&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define BITBAND(addr, bitnum) ((addr &amp; 0xF0000000)+0x2000000+((addr &amp;0xFFFFF)&lt;&lt;5)+(bitnum&lt;&lt;2))</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define MEM_ADDR(addr)&nbsp; *((volatile unsigned long&nbsp; *)(addr))</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define LED0&nbsp; MEM_ADDR(BITBAND(GPIOA_ODR_Addr,8))</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);background:none;">//#define LED0 *((volatile unsigned long *)(0x422101a0)) //PA8</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">typedef</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">struct</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">CR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">CFGR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">CIR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">APB2RSTR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">APB1RSTR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">AHBENR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">APB2ENR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">APB1ENR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">BDCR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">CSR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">} RCC_TypeDef;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define RCC ((RCC_TypeDef *)0x40021000)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">typedef</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">struct</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">CRL;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">CRH;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">IDR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">ODR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">BSRR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">BRR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">LCKR;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">} GPIO_TypeDef;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">#define GPIOA ((GPIO_TypeDef *)GPIOA_BASE)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">void</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">LEDInit(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">void</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">RCC-&gt;APB2ENR|=1&lt;&lt;2;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);background:none;">//GPIOA 时钟开启</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">GPIOA-&gt;CRH&amp;=0XFFFFFFF0;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">GPIOA-&gt;CRH|=0X00000003;&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,130,0);background:none;">//粗略延时</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">void</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">Delay_ms(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">volatile</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">t)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">unsigned&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">i,n;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">for</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">(n=0;n&lt;t;n++)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">for</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">(i=0;i&lt;800;i++);</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-weight:bold;min-height:auto;color:#808080;background:none;">int</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">main(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">void</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">LEDInit();</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">while</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">(1)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">LED0=0;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">Delay_ms(500);</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">LED0=1;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">Delay_ms(500);</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">}</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;">
       &nbsp; 
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      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">SystemInit(</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,255);background:none;">void</code> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">)</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background-image:none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;background:none;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code>&nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;min-height:auto;background:rgb(244,244,244) none;"> 
      <code style="border:0px;line-height:1.8em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;min-height:auto;color:rgb(0,0,0);background:none;">}</code> 
     </div> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

下面一段是对代码的简单讲解，可不用太深入。

STM32 GPIO输出高低电平的完整流程如下：

配置时钟→配置IO口→IO口输出高地电平

1，STM32的时钟是可以PLL的。但是我这里为了简化操作，就不配置，只使用默认的时钟----内部8MZH振荡器。

2，硬件上，我的LED灯是接到PA8。那么，我要怎么控制PA8呢？

STM32不能像单片机一样，一上来就能操作IO口。要操作STM32的IO口，首先要配置IO口。

void LEDInit(void)

RCC->APB2ENR|=1<<2;

GPIOA->CRH&=0XFFFFFFF0;

GPIOA->CRH|=0X00000003;

其中RCC->APB2ENR|=1<<2;是使能GPIOA的时钟。若是要使能GPIOB的时钟则是RCC->APB2ENR|=1<<3;其他的以此类推。

GPIOA->CRH&=0XFFFFFFF0;

GPIOA->CRH|=0X00000003;

是配置PA8为推挽输出，50MHZ。

若是要设置PA9则是：

GPIOA->CRH&=0XFFFFFF0F;

GPIOA->CRH|=0X00000030;

其他的以此类推，若是PA0~PA7则将CRH改为CRL就行。

若是要配置其他GPIO口，将GPIOA改成GPIOB，GPIOC。。。就行。,

3，我们知道51单片机是可以单独控制每个IO口的，STM32也可以做到，这个机制叫做Bit-Bond。

参考《Cortex-M3权威指南》可知道，只要找到PA8输出寄存器在Bit-Bond的地址，即可操作PA8的输出。地址的计算方法如下图：

![401655-20150929170842902-2031159408.png][]

《Cortex-M3权威指南》还给出了C语言宏定义的方法，我们可以直接使用。

![401655-20150929170843465-150181107.png][]

将上述代码输入后，点开配置选项，配置如下：

![401655-20150929170843933-328806719.png][]

勾上 Create HEX File

![401655-20150929170844496-190678919.png][]

选择J-Link下载工具

![401655-20150929170845449-828695426.png][]

再次build，然后下载就大功告成啦。

![401655-20150929170846011-382807638.png][]

综上可以看出，若是不配置STM32的PLL，那么相对于51单片机，STM32闪烁LED灯只不过多了一个步骤----配置GPIO口为输出而已。

嵌入式学习交流群：769843038

参考资料：http://www.makeru.com.cn/

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