Kafka 客户端开发

冷不防 2022-05-19 11:41 411阅读 0赞

前两篇文章讲述了 Kafka 的 [工作机制][Link 1] 和 [服务器集群部署][Link 2]。至此，Kafka 服务器已就绪，本文分别以官方API、Spring、SpringBoot三种构建方式，讲述了 Kafka 消费生产者和消费者的开发。  
  
**作者：**王克锋  
**出处：**[https://kefeng.wang/2017/11/18/kafka-development/][https_kefeng.wang_2017_11_18_kafka-development]  
**版权：**[自由转载-非商用-非衍生-保持署名][-_-_-]，转载请标明作者和出处。

## 1 开发概述 ##

Kafka 中，客户端与服务端是通过 TCP 协议进行的；  
Kafka 公布了所有功能协议(与特定语言无关)，并把 Java 客户端作为 kafka 项目的一部分进行维护。  
其他非 Java 语言的客户端则作为独立的开源项目提供，非 Java 客户端的名单可在 [这里][Link 3]。

Kafka 提供了五类 API：

*  [Producer API][]: 向主题(一个或多个)发布消息；
 *  [Consumer API][]: 订阅主题(一个或多个)，拉取这些主题上发布的消息；
 *  [Stream API][]: 作为流处理器，从主题消费消息，向主题发布消息，把输出流转换为输入流；可参考 [例子][Link 4]；
 *  [Connect API][]: 作为下游或上游，把主题连接到应用程序或数据系统(比如关系数据库)，通常不需要直接使用这些API，而是使用 [现成的连接器][Link 5]；
 *  [AdminClient API][]: 管理(或巡查) topic, brokers, 或其他 kafka 对象；

## 2 基于官方 API 开发 ##

### 2.1 Maven 依赖 ###

<dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
        <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </dependency>

### 2.2 logback.xml(日志配置，可选) ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration scan="false">
    
        <contextName>logback</contextName>
    
        <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
            <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
                <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS}  %p  [%F:%L] - %m%n</pattern>
            </encoder>
        </appender>
    
        <root level="INFO">
            <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
        </root>
    </configuration>

### 2.3 演示类 KafkaClientDemo.java ###

生产者：相应函数为 KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo()，其中 props 完整参数配置项见 [Producer Configs][]  
消费者：相应函数为 KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo()，其中 props 完整参数配置项见 [New Consumer Configs][] 和 [Old Consumer Configs][]

public class KafkaClientDemo { 
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KafkaClientDemo.class);
        private static final String BROKER_SERVERS = "centos:9091,centos:9092,centos:9093";
        private static final String TOPIC_NAME = "topicName";
    
        public static void producerDemo() {
            // 配置选项
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.put("bootstrap.servers", BROKER_SERVERS); // [必填] Kafka Broker 地址列表
            props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.IntegerSerializer"); // [必填] KEY 的序列化类
            props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer"); // [必填] VALUE 的序列化类
            // props.put("partitioner.class", "org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.internals.DefaultPartitioner"); // [默认值] 结合主题的分区个数和KEY，使得消息平均地分配给分区
    
            Producer<Integer, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<Integer, String>(props); // 建立连接
            for (int id = 1; id <= 8; ++id) {
                final int key = id;
                final String value = String.format("msg#%d", key);
                ProducerRecord<Integer, String> record = new ProducerRecord<Integer, String>(TOPIC_NAME, key, value);
                producer.send(record, new Callback() {
                    public void onCompletion(RecordMetadata meta, Exception e) {
                        logger.info("KafkaProducer.push(\"{}\", {}, {}, {}, \"{}\") OK.",
                                meta.topic(), meta.partition(), meta.offset(), key, value);
                    }
                }); // 推送消息
            }
            producer.flush(); // 提交
            producer.close(); // 关闭连接
        }
    
        public static void consumerDemo() {
            // 配置选项
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.put("bootstrap.servers", BROKER_SERVERS); // [必填] Kafka Broker 地址列表
            props.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.IntegerDeserializer"); // [必填] KEY 的反序列化类
            props.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer"); // [必填] VALUE 的反序列化类
            props.put("group.id", "groupName"); // [必填] 本消费者所属分组
    
            // 开始消费
            KafkaConsumer<Integer, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<Integer, String>(props); // 建立连接
            consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC_NAME)); // 订阅主题
            while (true) {
                ConsumerRecords<Integer, String> records = consumer.poll(1000); // 拉取消息
                if (records.isEmpty()) {
                    break;
                }
    
                logger.info("KafkaConsumer.poll({}) OK.", records.count());
                for (ConsumerRecord<Integer, String> record : records) {
                    logger.info("KafkaConsumer.poll(\"{}\", {}, {}, {}, \"{}\") OK.",
                            record.topic(), record.partition(), record.offset(),
                            record.key(), record.value());
                }
            }
            consumer.close(); // 关闭连接
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo();
            KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo();
        }
    }

### 2.4 运行结果 ###

## 生产者
    11:36:56.345  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 0, 3, 1, "msg#1") OK.
    11:36:56.346  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 0, 4, 7, "msg#7") OK.
    11:36:56.348  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 0, 5, 8, "msg#8") OK.
    11:36:56.349  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 1, 2, 3, "msg#3") OK.
    11:36:56.349  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 1, 3, 4, "msg#4") OK.
    11:36:56.370  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 2, 3, 2, "msg#2") OK.
    11:36:56.371  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 2, 4, 5, "msg#5") OK.
    11:36:56.371  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:36] - KafkaProducer.push("topicName", 2, 5, 6, "msg#6") OK.
    
    ## 消费者
    11:36:56.764  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:62] - KafkaConsumer.poll(3) OK.
    11:36:56.766  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 0, 3, 1, "msg#1") OK.
    11:36:56.766  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 0, 4, 7, "msg#7") OK.
    11:36:56.766  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 0, 5, 8, "msg#8") OK.
    11:36:56.771  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:62] - KafkaConsumer.poll(5) OK.
    11:36:56.771  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 1, 2, 3, "msg#3") OK.
    11:36:56.771  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 1, 3, 4, "msg#4") OK.
    11:36:56.773  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 2, 3, 2, "msg#2") OK.
    11:36:56.773  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 2, 4, 5, "msg#5") OK.
    11:36:56.773  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:64] - KafkaConsumer.poll("topicName", 2, 5, 6, "msg#6") OK.

## 3 基于 Spring 开发 ##

官网: [http://projects.spring.io/spring-kafka/][http_projects.spring.io_spring-kafka]  
介绍: [https://docs.spring.io/spring-kafka/docs/2.1.2.RELEASE/reference/html/][https_docs.spring.io_spring-kafka_docs_2.1.2.RELEASE_reference_html]  
API: [http://docs.spring.io/spring-kafka/docs/2.1.2.RELEASE/api/][http_docs.spring.io_spring-kafka_docs_2.1.2.RELEASE_api]

### 3.1 Maven 依赖 ###

环境要求: Apache Kafka 1.0.0， Java 8+

<dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

### 3.2 spring.xml ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="wang.kefeng"/>
    
        
        <bean id="producerFactory" class="org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaProducerFactory">
            <constructor-arg>
                <map>
                    <entry key="bootstrap.servers" value="centos:9091,centos:9092,centos:9093"/>
                    <entry key="key.serializer" value="org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.IntegerSerializer"/>
                    <entry key="value.serializer" value="org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer"/>
                </map>
            </constructor-arg>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean id="kafkaTemplate" class="org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate">
            <constructor-arg ref="producerFactory"/>
            <constructor-arg name="autoFlush" value="true"/>
            <property name="defaultTopic" value="topicName"/>
            <property name="producerListener">
                <bean class="wang.kefeng.KafkaProducerListener"/>
            </property>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean id="consumerFactory" class="org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory">
            <constructor-arg>
                <map>
                    <entry key="bootstrap.servers" value="centos:9091,centos:9092,centos:9093"/>
                    <entry key="key.deserializer" value="org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.IntegerDeserializer"/>
                    <entry key="value.deserializer" value="org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer"/>
                    <entry key="group.id" value="groupName"/>
                </map>
            </constructor-arg>
        </bean>
    
        
        <bean class="org.springframework.kafka.listener.KafkaMessageListenerContainer" init-method="doStart">
            <constructor-arg ref="consumerFactory"/>
            <constructor-arg>
                <bean class="org.springframework.kafka.listener.config.ContainerProperties">
                    <constructor-arg value="topicName"/>
                    <property name="messageListener">
                        <bean class="wang.kefeng.KafkaConsumerListener"/>
                    </property>
                </bean>
            </constructor-arg>
        </bean>
    
    </beans>

### 3.3 KafkaProducerListener.java ###

public class KafkaProducerListener extends ProducerListenerAdapter<Integer, String> { 
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KafkaProducerListener.class);
    
        @Override
        public void onSuccess(String topic, Integer partition, Integer key, String value, RecordMetadata recordMetadata) {
            logger.info("KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess(\"{}\", {}, \"{}\") OK.", topic, key, value);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onError(String topic, Integer partition, Integer key, String value, Exception exception) {
            logger.warn("KafkaProducerListener.onError(\"{}\", {}, \"{}\") OK.", topic, key, value);
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean isInterestedInSuccess() {
            return true;
        }
    }

### 3.4 KafkaProducerListener.java ###

public class KafkaConsumerListener implements MessageListener<Integer, String> { 
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KafkaConsumerListener.class);
    
        public void onMessage(ConsumerRecord<Integer, String> record) {
            logger.info("KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage(\"{}\", {}, \"{}\") OK.",
                    record.topic(), record.key(), record.value());
        }
    }

### 3.5 KafkaClientDemo.java ###

@Component
    public class KafkaClientDemo { 
        @Resource
        private KafkaTemplate<Integer, String> kafkaTemplate;
    
        public void producerDemo() {
            for (int key = 1; key <= 8; ++key) {
                String value = String.format("msg#%d", key);
                kafkaTemplate.sendDefault(key, value);
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try (ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml")) {
                context.start(); // 启动消费者线程，收到消息后自动回调 KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage()
                context.getBean(KafkaClientDemo.class).producerDemo(); // 生产消费
    
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(600000); // 等待消费者线程(10min)
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
    }

### 3.6 运行结果 ###

## 生产者
    13:05:13.734  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 1, "msg#1") OK.
    13:05:13.740  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 2, "msg#2") OK.
    13:05:13.759  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 3, "msg#3") OK.
    13:05:13.765  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 4, "msg#4") OK.
    13:05:13.770  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 5, "msg#5") OK.
    13:05:13.778  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 6, "msg#6") OK.
    13:05:13.783  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 7, "msg#7") OK.
    13:05:13.788  INFO  [KafkaProducerListener.java:16] - KafkaProducerListener.onSuccess("topicName", 8, "msg#8") OK.
    
    ## 消费者
    13:05:16.920  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 3, "msg#3") OK.
    13:05:16.920  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 4, "msg#4") OK.
    13:05:16.922  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 1, "msg#1") OK.
    13:05:16.922  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 7, "msg#7") OK.
    13:05:16.922  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 8, "msg#8") OK.
    13:05:16.922  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 2, "msg#2") OK.
    13:05:16.922  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 5, "msg#5") OK.
    13:05:16.922  INFO  [KafkaConsumerListener.java:15] - KafkaConsumerListener.onMessage("topicName", 6, "msg#6") OK.

## 4 基于 SpringBoot 开发 ##

创建 SpringBoot 工程。

### 4.1 Maven 依赖 ###

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
    </dependency>

### 4.2 application.properties ###

# Brokers 地址列表
    spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers=centos:9091,centos:9092,centos:9093
    
    # 默认消费者组
    spring.kafka.consumer.group-id=groupName
    
    # 序列化/反序列化
    spring.kafka.producer.key-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
    spring.kafka.producer.value-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
    spring.kafka.consumer.key-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
    spring.kafka.consumer.value-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer

### 4.3 KafkaClientDemo.java ###

@Component
    @EnableScheduling
    public class KafkaClientDemo { 
        private static final String TOPIC_NAME = "topicName";
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KafkaClientDemo.class);
    
        private int key = 0;
    
        @Autowired
        private KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate;
    
        // 生产者: 每秒推送一个消息
        @Scheduled(fixedRate = 1000)
        public void producerDemo() {
            String message = String.format("msg#%d", ++key);
            logger.info("KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo(\"{}\") ...", message);
            kafkaTemplate.send(TOPIC_NAME, message);
        }
    
        // 消费者1: 订阅主题(topicName)并接收消息
        @KafkaListener(topics = {TOPIC_NAME})
        public void consumerDemo1(String message) {
            logger.info("KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo1(\"{}\") OK.", message);
        }
    
        // 消费者2: 订阅主题(topicName)并接收消息
        @KafkaListener(topics = {TOPIC_NAME})
        public void consumerDemo2(String message) {
            logger.info("KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo2(\"{}\") OK.", message);
        }
    }

### 4.4 运行结果 ###

运行 SpringBoot 的 Application 类(无需任何调整)，结果如下：

## 可见：一个生产者定时投递消息；两个消费者(属于同一消费者组 groupName)交替收取消息。
    14:36:52.586  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:30] - KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo("msg#1") ...
    14:36:52.889  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:37] - KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo1("msg#1") OK.
    14:36:53.583  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:30] - KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo("msg#2") ...
    14:36:53.603  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:43] - KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo2("msg#2") OK.
    14:36:54.583  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:30] - KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo("msg#3") ...
    14:36:54.613  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:37] - KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo1("msg#3") OK.
    14:36:55.583  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:30] - KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo("msg#4") ...
    14:36:55.600  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:37] - KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo1("msg#4") OK.
    14:36:56.583  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:30] - KafkaClientDemo.producerDemo("msg#5") ...
    14:36:56.598  INFO  [KafkaClientDemo.java:43] - KafkaClientDemo.consumerDemo2("msg#5") OK.

[Link 1]: https://kefeng.wang/2017/11/15/kafka-mechanism/
[Link 2]: https://kefeng.wang/2017/11/16/kafka-deploy/
[https_kefeng.wang_2017_11_18_kafka-development]: https://kefeng.wang/2017/11/18/kafka-development/
[-_-_-]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.zh
[Link 3]: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Clients
[Producer API]: http://kafka.apache.org/10/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/clients/producer/KafkaProducer.html
[Consumer API]: http://kafka.apache.org/10/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/clients/consumer/KafkaConsumer.html
[Stream API]: http://kafka.apache.org/10/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/streams/KafkaStreams.html
[Link 4]: http://kafka.apache.org/documentation/streams/
[Connect API]: http://kafka.apache.org/10/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/connect
[Link 5]: https://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#connect
[AdminClient API]: http://kafka.apache.org/10/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/clients/admin/AdminClient.html
[Producer Configs]: https://kafka.apache.org/documentation/#producerconfigs
[New Consumer Configs]: https://kafka.apache.org/documentation/#newconsumerconfigs
[Old Consumer Configs]: https://kafka.apache.org/documentation/#oldconsumerconfigs
[http_projects.spring.io_spring-kafka]: http://projects.spring.io/spring-kafka/
[https_docs.spring.io_spring-kafka_docs_2.1.2.RELEASE_reference_html]: https://docs.spring.io/spring-kafka/docs/2.1.2.RELEASE/reference/html/
[http_docs.spring.io_spring-kafka_docs_2.1.2.RELEASE_api]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-kafka/docs/2.1.2.RELEASE/api/