Elasticsearch 7.x：2、索引管理

红太狼 2022-04-10 12:59 368阅读 0赞

[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.x/index.html][https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.x_index.html]  
[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-create-index.html][https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_current_indices-create-index.html]

### 2.1 索引名规范 ###

索引命名有如下限制：

*  仅限小写字母
 *  不能包含`\`、`/`、 `*`、`?`、`"`、`<`、`>`、`|`、\#以及空格符等特殊符号
 *  从7.0版本开始不再包含冒号
 *  不能以`-`、`_`或`+`开头
 *  不能超过255个字节（注意它是字节，因此多字节字符将计入255个限制）

### 2.2 新建索引 ###

（1）索引名小写

PUT test

{
      "acknowledged" : true,
      "shards_acknowledged" : true,
      "index" : "test"
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZW5neXVxaWFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

（2）索引名不能包含大些字母

PUT Blog

相应结果：

{
      "error": {
        "root_cause": [
          {
            "type": "invalid_index_name_exception",
            "reason": "Invalid index name [Blog], must be lowercase",
            "index_uuid": "_na_",
            "index": "Blog"
          }
        ],
        "type": "invalid_index_name_exception",
        "reason": "Invalid index name [Blog], must be lowercase",
        "index_uuid": "_na_",
        "index": "Blog"
      },
      "status": 400
    }

（3）重复创建索引

PUT test

相应结果：

{
      "error": {
        "root_cause": [
          {
            "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
            "reason": "index [test/XBKm9hVxSQGP6KTncA10WA] already exists",
            "index_uuid": "XBKm9hVxSQGP6KTncA10WA",
            "index": "test"
          }
        ],
        "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
        "reason": "index [test/XBKm9hVxSQGP6KTncA10WA] already exists",
        "index_uuid": "XBKm9hVxSQGP6KTncA10WA",
        "index": "test"
      },
      "status": 400
    }

### 2.3 索引配置 ###

创建索引时，可以制定相关设置，比如设置索引的分片数number\_of\_shards和副本数number\_of\_replicas

PUT blog
    {
        "settings" : {
            "index" : {
                "number_of_shards" : 2,
                "number_of_replicas" : 2
            }
        }
    }

也可以简化为

PUT blog
    {
        "settings" : {
            "number_of_shards" : 2,
            "number_of_replicas" : 2
        }
    }

也就是说，不必在settings部分中明确指定索引部分。

相应结果：

{
      "acknowledged" : true,
      "shards_acknowledged" : true,
      "index" : "blog"
    }

### 2.4 查看索引 ###

（1）查看制定索引

GET blog

相应结果：

{
      "blog" : {
        "aliases" : { },
        "mappings" : { },
        "settings" : {
          "index" : {
            "creation_date" : "1547012455291",
            "number_of_shards" : "2",
            "number_of_replicas" : "2",
            "uuid" : "RorVlzACQIOpGDCW9LJ1cA",
            "version" : {
              "created" : "6050499"
            },
            "provided_name" : "blog"
          }
        }
      }
    }

（2）查看索引列表

GET /_cat/indices?v

相应结果如下，可以看到两个刚刚创建的索引，`.kibana_1`是Kibana自带样例索引。

health status index     uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
    yellow open   blog      RorVlzACQIOpGDCW9LJ1cA   2   2          0            0       522b           522b
    green  open   .kibana_1 vfaeT7wQSgyxXOlZioCFDQ   1   0          3            0     11.9kb         11.9kb
    yellow open   test      k4WAeNOqSpGzQbO3euWy2w   1   1          0            0       230b           230b

需要注意：我们新建的索引，默认分片和副本都是1。

（3）判定索引是否存在

HEAD blog

相应结果：

200 - OK

### 2.5 更新副本数 ###

PUT blog/_settings
    {
      "number_of_replicas": 1
    }

相应结果：

{
      "acknowledged" : true
    }

### 2.6 查看索引配置信息 ###

GET blog/_settings

相应结果：

{
      "blog" : {
        "settings" : {
          "index" : {
            "creation_date" : "1547012455291",
            "number_of_shards" : "2",
            "number_of_replicas" : "1",
            "uuid" : "RorVlzACQIOpGDCW9LJ1cA",
            "version" : {
              "created" : "6050499"
            },
            "provided_name" : "blog"
          }
        }
      }
    }

### 2.7 删除索引 ###

可以直接使用DELETE命令删除索引

DELETE test

相应结果：

{
      "acknowledged" : true
    }

### 2.8 索引的关闭与打开 ###

一个关闭的索引几乎不占用系统资源。我们可以临时关闭某个索引，在需要时再重新打开该索引。  
（1）关闭blog

POST blog/_close

相应结果：

{
      "acknowledged" : true
    }

（2）查看索引

GET /_cat/indices?v

相应结果：

health status index     uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
           close  blog      RorVlzACQIOpGDCW9LJ1cA                                                          
    green  open   .kibana_1 vfaeT7wQSgyxXOlZioCFDQ   1   0          3            0     11.9kb         11.9kb

（3）重新打开blog

POST blog/_open

相应结果：

{
      "acknowledged" : true,
      "shards_acknowledged" : true
    }

### 2.9 指定type的mapping ###

创新索引时，允许提供一个type的映射。

创新创建索引test，并制定默认\_doc类型的mappings

PUT test
    {
        "settings" : {
            "number_of_shards" : 1
        },
        "mappings" : {
            "_doc" : {
                "properties" : {
                    "field1" : { "type" : "text" }
                }
            }
        }
    }

相应结果：

{
      "acknowledged" : true,
      "shards_acknowledged" : true,
      "index" : "test"
    }

### 2.10 索引别名 ###

索引别名不仅仅可以关联一个索引，它能聚合多个索引。此外，一个别名也可以与一个过滤器相关联， 这个过滤器在搜索和路由的时候被自动应用。

（1）创建多个索引

PUT index1
    PUT index2

（2）创建index1的别名alias1

POST _aliases
    {
      "actions": [
        {
          "add": {
            "index": "index1",
            "alias": "alias1"
          }
        }
      ]
    }

{
      "acknowledged" : true
    }

说明：此时别名alias1和index1一对一。

（3）添加多个索引的别名

POST _aliases
    {
      "actions": [
        {
          "add": {
            "indices": ["index2","test"],
            "alias": "alias1"
          }
        }
      ]
    }

{
      "acknowledged" : true
    }

说明：我们是不能对alias1进行写操作，当有多个索引时的别名，不能区分到底操作哪一个索引。

（4）移除别名

POST _aliases
    {
      "actions": [
        {
          "remove": {
            "index": "test",
            "alias": "alias1"
          }
        }
      ]
    }

{
      "acknowledged" : true
    }

（5）查看别名

GET alias1

{
      "index1" : {
        "aliases" : {
          "alias1" : { }
        },
        "mappings" : { },
        "settings" : {
          "index" : {
            "creation_date" : "1547013859010",
            "number_of_shards" : "1",
            "number_of_replicas" : "1",
            "uuid" : "sbbArnOvTYqf07rXlTpFtA",
            "version" : {
              "created" : "6050499"
            },
            "provided_name" : "index1"
          }
        }
      },
      "index2" : {
        "aliases" : {
          "alias1" : { }
        },
        "mappings" : { },
        "settings" : {
          "index" : {
            "creation_date" : "1547013863297",
            "number_of_shards" : "1",
            "number_of_replicas" : "1",
            "uuid" : "qqRkUXOcQfuBTf1eBqvMPA",
            "version" : {
              "created" : "6050499"
            },
            "provided_name" : "index2"
          }
        }
      }
    }

[https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_7.x_index.html]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.x/index.html
[https_www.elastic.co_guide_en_elasticsearch_reference_current_indices-create-index.html]: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-create-index.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZW5neXVxaWFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220330/e8a74c7e3cad48b0bdf235f9fbbc8f99.png