python文件路径操作os模块

清疚 2022-03-20 15:42 390阅读 0赞

**os.walk()函数**

os.walk(path)返回三个值：root,dirs,files，分别表示path的路径、path路径下的文件夹的名字和path路径下文件夹以外的其他文件;

【training\_images文件下有三个物品类别文件夹，每个物品类别文件夹下有一些命名的图片】

代码如下：

import os
    import sys
    input_folder='/home/XXX/tensorflow/Python-Machine-Learning-Cookbook-master/Chapter09/training_images'
    
    training_data=[]        
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(input_folder):
        for filename in (x for x in files if x.endswith('.jpg')):
            filepath = os.path.join(root, filename)
            object_class = filepath.split('/')[-2]
            training_data.append({ 'object_class': object_class, 
                    'image_path': filepath})
      
    
       print root,
       #/home/huanglong/tensorflow/Python-Machine-Learning-Cookbook-master/Chapter09/training_images/airplanes 
       print dirs
       #[]
       print files
       #['0007.jpg', '0010.jpg', '0015.jpg', '0005.jpg', '0011.jpg', '0004.jpg', '0002.jpg', '0019.jpg', '0008.jpg', '0020.jpg', '0001.jpg', '0013.jpg', '0012.jpg', '0014.jpg', '0018.jpg', '0017.jpg', '0009.jpg', '0003.jpg', '0006.jpg', '0016.jpg', '.DS_Store'] 
     print filepath ,object_class
       #home/xxx/tensorflow/Python-Machine-Learning-Cookbook-master/Chapter09/training_images/airplanes/0016.jpg airplanes

**os.listdir()函数**

该函数返回指定的文件夹包含的文件或文件夹的名字的列表。

from os import listdir
    import operator
    trainingFileList = listdir('/home/huanglong/tensorflow/machinelearninginaction/Ch02/trainingDigits')   #load the training set
    m = len(trainingFileList)
    print trainingFileList
    #['6_56.txt', '5_48.txt', '3_122.txt', '0_123.txt', '5_52.txt', '3_1.txt']
    for i in range(m):
        trainingFileList[i]=trainingFileList[i].split('.')[0]+'1'+str('.')+trainingFileList[i].split('.')[1]
    print trainingFileList
    #['6_561.txt', '5_481.txt', '3_1221.txt', '0_1231.txt', '5_521.txt', '3_11.txt']