python爬虫技术实现自动重连代理等常用网站反爬机制

落日映苍穹つ 2022-03-18 01:50 384阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

在写爬虫爬取网页数据时由于频繁访问会被限制IP，返回错误响应码以及验证字母验证；

这里简单时间返回错误相应码是调用函数自动重连；

可以加上代理服务器，参数有注释；

代理服务可以自己搭建，也可以购买收费的强力代理服务。

简单封装几个函数，生成header，重写get，解析网页信息并保存。

之前写过搭建免费ip池实现动态代理：[传送门][Link 1]

下面贴出代码：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    import time
    import random
    import requests
    import re
    
    import sys
    import importlib
    import sys
    importlib.reload(sys)
    
    class Common(object):
    
        def randHeader(self):
            '''
                随机生成User-Agent
                :return:
                '''
            head_connection = ['Keep-Alive', 'close']
            head_accept = ['text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*','text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8']
            head_accept_language = ['zh-CN,fr-FR;q=0.5', 'en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-Hans-CN;q=0.5,zh-Hans;q=0.3']
            head_user_agent = ['Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)',
                               'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)',
                               'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/4.0)',
                               'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.3.9825.400)',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; BIDUBrowser 2.x)',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.12) Gecko/20080219 Firefox/2.0.0.12 Navigator/9.0.0.6',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; rv:11.0) like Gecko)',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0 ',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.0.6.2000 Chrome/26.0.1410.43 Safari/537.1 ',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.92 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.75 Safari/537.36',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/3.0 Safari/536.11',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0',
                               'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.94 Safari/537.36'
                               ]
            result = {
                'Connection': head_connection[0],
                'Accept': head_accept[0],
                'Accept-Language': head_accept_language[1],
               # 'cookie':'cna=ARccE9yrEQMCAWp5Py3Bf4zT; UM_distinctid=163d85e71c50-06cfc6183059d4-4d015463-15f900-163d85e71c6557; hng=CN%7Czh-CN%7CCNY%7C156; t=ebd07ceca182465b45772b1306d08ab5; tracknick=tb931069036; lid=tb931069036; _tb_token_=38e331ee5373e; cookie2=1c451d93587e2918e8e7f7d3755ceff8; CNZZDATA30066717=cnzz_eid%3D1636747811-1528340961-%26ntime%3D1529388230; isg=BDk50Q6IRgA3pRqkbVBuT16jRqUTRi349z6Gi1tutWDf4ll0o5Y9yKewYOYU2sUw',
                'User-Agent': head_user_agent[random.randrange(0, len(head_user_agent))]
            }
            return result
    
        def getCurrentTime(self,type=0):
            switcher = {
                0:time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]', time.localtime(time.time())), # 获取当前时间
                1:int(time.time()),
                2:time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime(time.time())),
                3:time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())),
            }
            return  switcher.get(type)
    
        def getURL(self, url, redirects=False, tries_num=6, sleep_time=0.5, time_out=1000, max_retry=6, ):
            '''
               这里重写get函数，主要是为了实现网络中断后自动重连，同时为了兼容各种网站不同的反爬策略及，通过sleep时间和timeout动态调整来测试合适的网络连接参数；
               通过isproxy 来控制是否使用代理，以支持一些在内网办公的同学
            :param url:
            :param tries_num:  重试次数
            :param sleep_time: 休眠时间
            :param time_out: 连接超时参数
            :param max_retry: 最大重试次数，仅仅是为了递归使用
            :return: response
            '''
            sleep_time_p = sleep_time
            time_out_p = time_out
            tries_num_p = tries_num
            res = ""
    
            # 代理服务器
            proxyHost = ""
            proxyPort = ""
    
            # 代理隧道验证信息
            proxyUser = ""
            proxyPass = ""
    
            proxyMeta = "http://%(user)s:%(pass)s@%(host)s:%(port)s" % {
                "host": proxyHost,
                "port": proxyPort,
                "user": proxyUser,
                "pass": proxyPass,
            }
    
            proxies = {
                "http": proxyMeta,
                "https": proxyMeta,
            }
    
            try:
                res = requests.Session()
                res = requests.get(url,headers=self.randHeader(), allow_redirects=redirects, timeout=time_out)
                res.raise_for_status()  # 如果响应状态码不是 200，就主动抛出异常
    
            except requests.RequestException as e:
                sleep_time_p = sleep_time_p + 10
                time_out_p = time_out_p + 10
                tries_num_p = tries_num_p - 1
                # 设置重试次数，最大timeout 时间和 最长休眠时间
                if tries_num_p > 0:
                    time.sleep(sleep_time_p)
                    print (self.getCurrentTime(), url, 'URL Connection Error: 第', max_retry - tries_num_p, u'次 Retry Connection', e)
                    return self.getURL(url, 'False', tries_num_p, sleep_time_p, time_out_p, max_retry)
            return res
    
        # 下载页面 如果没法下载就 等待1秒 再下载
        def getSoup(self, response, htmlcode="html.parser", decode="UTF-8"):
    
            html = response.text
            # html = response.content
            # html = html.decode(decode)
            # html.encoding = 'gb2312'    #解决乱码问题
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, htmlcode)
            return soup
    
        def getReplace(self,str,old,new):
            ret = ""
            if str:
                strinfo = re.compile(old)
                ret = strinfo.sub(new, str)
            return ret
    
        def getText(self,str,type="text",num=0):   #array
            ret = "暂无数据"
            if str:
                if type=="text":
                    try:
                        ret = str.get_text().strip()
                    except Exception as e:
                        print (str,Exception,":",e)
                else:
                    try:
                        ret = str[num].get_text().strip()
                    except Exception as e:
                        print ('getText',str,Exception,":",e)
            return ret
    
        def getContent(self,strs,key,symbol='：',type=0):   #array  type 1
    
            for str in strs:
                try:
                    r = str.get_text().strip()
                    #print 'getContent',r
                    if key in r:
                       if type==0:
                          return r.split(symbol)[1]
                       else:
                          return r
                except Exception as e:
                    print ('getText',str,Exception,":",e)
            return "暂无数据"
    
        def getNumber(self, str, type="int"):
            ret = str
            re_num = re.compile(r"\d+\.?\d*")
            try:
                re_str = re.findall(re_num, str)
                if re_str:
                    if type == "int":
                        ret = int(re_str[0])
                    elif type == "float":
                        ret = float(re_str[0])
                    else:
                        pass
            except Exception as e:
                print ('getNumber:',str,Exception, ":", e)
            return ret

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40902527/article/details/87694364