RHEL 7.6 安装 Oracle 18c RAC

亦凉 2022-02-13 03:13 411阅读 0赞

RHEL 7.6 安装 Oracle 18c RAC  
第一部分 安装规划

虚拟环境

VirtualBox 6.0

OS 版本

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo)

数据库版本

18.3.0.0.0

安装介质

LINUX.X64\_180000\_db\_home.zip

LINUX.X64\_180000\_grid\_home.zip

软件安装目录

grid: /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

oracle: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db\_1

用户和组

grid: oinstall,asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper

oracle: oinstall, dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper

网络规划

192.168.56.11 rac1 \#一节点public ip

192.168.56.12 rac2 \#二节点public ip

192.168.56.13 rac1-vip \#一节点virtual ip

192.168.56.14 rac2-vip \#二节点virtual ip

172.16.56.11 rac1-priv \#一节点private ip

172.16.56.12 rac2-priv \#二节点private ip

192.168.56.15 rac-scan \# scan ip

ASM磁盘组

OCRVT: 2G \* 3

MGMT: 40G \* 1

DATA: 8G \* 1

ARCH: 5G \* 1

安装操作系统，添加ASM共享磁盘省略

第二分部 操作系统环境配置

2.1 更改IO调度为deadline，关闭numa和透明大页

（1）.vi /etc/default/grub(编辑 /etc/default/grub 文件，在GRUB\_CMDLINE\_LINUX 条目后面添加"elevator=deadline","transparent\_hugepage=never" 和”numa=off”，

执行grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 最后重启操作系统)

GRUB\_CMDLINE\_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/root rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swap rhgb quiet elevator=deadline transparent\_hugepage=never numa=off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

（2）. 重启操作系统使配置生效.

2.2 使用CTSS时钟同步  
/sbin/service ntpd stop

chkconfig ntpd off

mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org

systemctl stop chronyd

systemctl disable chronyd

2.3 配置/etc/hosts解析表

vi /etc/hosts添加

# config for 18c RAC #

192.168.56.11 rac1

192.168.56.12 rac2

192.168.56.13 rac1-vip

192.168.56.14 rac2-vip

172.16.56.11 rac1-priv

172.16.56.12 rac2-priv

192.168.56.15 rac-scan

2.4 关闭防火墙  
systemctl disable firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

2.5 关闭selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

2.6 关闭NetworkManager

systemctl disable NetworkManager

systemctl stop NetworkManager

2.7 停止avahi-daemon  
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service

2.8 配置NOZEROCONF  
vi /etc/sysconfig/network 添加

NOZEROCONF=yes

2.9 内核参数修改  
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# kernel configuration for oracle 18c #

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmax = 549755813760

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem\_default = 262144

net.core.rmem\_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem\_default = 262144

net.core.wmem\_max = 1048576

是配置生效

sysctl -p

2.10 添加用户和组  
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper grid

echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

echo oracle | passwd --stdin grid

2.11 创建软件安装目录  
mkdir -p /u01/app/18.0.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db\_1

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01/

2.12 用户环境变量配置

# 为grid用户添加环境变量 #

vi /home/grid/.bash\_profile EOF

export ORACLE\_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE\_SID=+ASM1 (节点2改为+ASM2)

export ORACLE\_HOME=/u01/app/18.0.0/grid

export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/lib:$LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH

EOF

source /home/grid/.bash\_profile

# 为oracle用户添加环境变量 #

vi /home/oracle/.bash\_profile

export ORACLE\_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE\_SID=racdb1(节点2改为racdb2)

export ORACLE\_HOME=$ORACLE\_BASE/product/18.0.0/db\_1

export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/lib:$LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH

export NLS\_LANG=AMERICAN\_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

EOF

source /home/oracle/.bash\_profile

2.13 配置用户资源限制  
vi /etc/security/limits.conf 添加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard memlock 3145728

oracle soft memlock 3145728

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft stack 10240

grid hard memlock 3145728

grid soft memlock 3145728

vi /etc/pam.d/login 添加

# this is for oracle user #

session required pam\_limits.so

2.14 配置全局profile  
vi /etc/profile 添加

# this is for oracle user #

if \[ $USER = "oracle" \]||\[ $USER = "grid" \]; then

if \[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" \]; then

ulimit -p 16384
    
      ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

umask 022

2.15 安装rpm依赖包  
yum -y install bc \\

binutils \\

compat-libcap1 \\

compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \\

compat-libstdc++-33.x86\_64 \\

glibc.i686 \\

glibc.x86\_64 \\

glibc-devel.i686 \\

glibc-devel.x86\_64 \\

ksh \\

libaio.i686 \\

libaio.x86\_64 \\

libaio-devel.i686 \\

libaio-devel.x86\_64 \\

libX11.i686 \\

libX11.x86\_64 \\

libXau.i686 \\

libXau.x86\_64 \\

libXi.i686 \\

libXi.x86\_64 \\

libXtst.i686 \\

libXtst.x86\_64 \\

libXrender-devel.i686 \\

libXrender-devel.x86\_64 \\

libXrender.i686 \\

libXrender.x86\_64 \\

libgcc.i686 \\

libgcc.x86\_64 \\

libstdc++.i686 \\

libstdc++.x86\_64 \\

libstdc++-devel.i686 \\

libstdc++-devel.x86\_64 \\

libxcb.i686 \\

libxcb.x86\_64 \\

make \\

nfs-utils.x86\_64 \\

net-tools \\

python \\

python-configshell \\

python-rtslib \\

python-six \\

smartmontools \\

sysstat \\

targetcli \\

unixODBC \\

unixODBC-devel \\

unzip

CVUQDISK\_GRP=oinstall; export CVUQDISK\_GRP

rpm -iv /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm (需先解压grid安装包到/u01/app/18.0.0/grid)

2.16 共享存储配置

(1).多路径方式安装配置

yum -y install device-mapper\*

\--生成默认配置文件

mpathconf --enable

vi /etc/multipath.conf 修改

find\_multipaths no

multipaths \{

multipath {
    
               wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171
    
               alias                   OCR1
    
       }
    
       multipath {
    
               wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172
    
               alias                   OCR2
    
       }
    
       multipath {
    
               wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173
    
               alias                   OCR3
    
       } 
    
       multipath {
    
               wwid                    14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174
    
               alias                   MGMT
    
       }                  
    
       multipath {
    
               wwid                    14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662
    
               alias                   DATA
    
       }
    
              multipath {
    
               wwid                    14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967
    
               alias                   ARCH
    
       }

multipath -F

systemctl restart multipathd.service

multipath -v3

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="dm-\*",ENV\{DM\_UUID\}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-\*",ENV\{DM\_UUID\}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-\*",ENV\{DM\_UUID\}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-\*",ENV\{DM\_UUID\}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-\*",ENV\{DM\_UUID\}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="dm-\*",ENV\{DM\_UUID\}=="mpath-14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

udevadm trigger

udevadm control -R

systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service

(2).不使用多路径的方式，仅需配置如下文件

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi\_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA\_VBOX\_HARDDISK\_VB5643659c-65a9d79a",SYMLINK+="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi\_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA\_VBOX\_HARDDISK\_VB603d9ec9-7c3a2db0",SYMLINK+="asm-diskc",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi\_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA\_VBOX\_HARDDISK\_VBc74f578a-aa1a566c",SYMLINK+="asm-diskd",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi\_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA\_VBOX\_HARDDISK\_VBcje8jg2a-ff4e14d3",SYMLINK+="asm-diske",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi\_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA\_VBOX\_HARDDISK\_VBcaeggcdb-3gv5hnc6",SYMLINK+="asm-diskf",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi\_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA\_VBOX\_HARDDISK\_VBccbd112b-egdgrkr5",SYMLINK+="asm-diskg",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

# 使udev策略配置生效 #

udevadm trigger

udevadm control -R

systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service

\[root@rac1 ~\]\# ll /dev/asm\*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskb -> sdb

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskc -> sdc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskd -> sdd

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diske -> sde

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskf -> sdf

\[root@rac1 ~\]\# ll /dev/sd\*

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdb