[python] 封闭Linux环境安装matplotlib库和pygal库

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2022-02-01 10:45 720阅读 0赞

服务器和python官网是不通的，所以采取手动安装方式

重点：

1.下载依赖库，压缩包解压一个装一个，不然最后都分不清哪个已经装了。。。

如果是手动安装，仅安装Matplotlib是不够的，就还需要安装six，cycler，kiwisolver，numpy，pyparsing，python\_dateutil，pytz等依赖库才可以。

2.安装时候根据报错去找包，可以去python官网，但是有的包找不到这时可以去找对应的源码包从ftp服务器上下载（一般官网有链接）

（1）python官网下载tar.gz或zip等，解压后进入目录执行 python3 setup.py install

（2）python官网没有找到libffi和libpng，后者block了matplotlib的安装

libffi   [ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi][ftp_sourceware.org_pub_libffi]

step 1 解压

如果用 tar -xzvf 报错如下，则改用 tar -xvf xxx

\# tar -xzvf libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz

gzip: stdin: not in gzip format

tar: Child returned status 1

tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

step2 编译安装

进入解压后路径执行如下命令

./configure  -> make -> sudo make install

libpng官网  [http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html][http_www.libpng.org_pub_png_libpng.html] 下了几个压缩包解压出来有问题，最终找到以下这个OK

表格Beta Code一栏中 [https://libpng.sourceforge.io/index.html][https_libpng.sourceforge.io_index.html]

打开的新页面中找到这个链接（描述中后面那个更快的没有试）

The previous ftp site is still being maintained at [ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/png][ftp_ftp.simplesystems.org_pub_png], but the OSUOSL site is much faster and has a more complete archive of old versions.

[ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/png/src/libpng16/][ftp_ftp.simplesystems.org_pub_png_src_libpng16] 找到tar.gz下载

3.执行matplotlib安装时的一些报错的解决

(1) 如下，少了libpng，去下载然后安装

\[root@xxx matplotlib-3.0.3\]\# python3 setup.py install

============================================================================

...

install\_requires: yes \[handled by setuptools\]

libagg: yes \[pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not

be found. Using local copy.\]

freetype: yes \[version 2.3.11\]

png: no  \[pkg-config information for 'libpng' could not

be found.\]

qhull: yes \[pkg-config information for 'libqhull' could not

be found. Using local copy.\]

...

============================================================================

\* The following required packages can not be built:

\* png

（2）如下，没有安装gcc++，因为用的是本地yum源，所以用yum安装一下

参考：[https://www.cnblogs.com/skyme/archive/2011/01/19/1939606.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_skyme_archive_2011_01_19_1939606.html]

gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directory

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

可能是gcc和g++版本不兼j容，也可能是安装完gcc没有安装g++

查看版本，发现没有安装gcc++

\# gcc -v

Using built-in specs.

Target: x86\_64-redhat-linux

Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=[http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla][http_bugzilla.redhat.com_bugzilla] \--enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-\_\_cxa\_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch\_32=i686 --build=x86\_64-redhat-linux

Thread model: posix

gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC)

\# gcc++ -v

\-bash: gcc++: command not found

执行yum命令安装 \# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=MEDIA install gcc-c++

（3）如下，先安装版本>=2.1的python-dateutil（其实下载解压了但是下的包太多了，这个漏了安装）

Download error on [https://pypi.org/simple/][https_pypi.org_simple]: \[Errno -3\] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

No local packages or working download links found for python-dateutil>=2.1

error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('python-dateutil>=2.1')

然后安装python-dateutil又有报错，先去python官网下载个setuptools\_scm安装

Download error on [https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools\_scm/][https_pypi.org_simple_setuptools_scm]: \[Errno -3\] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

Download error on [https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools-scm/][https_pypi.org_simple_setuptools-scm]: \[Errno -3\] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

Couldn't find index page for 'setuptools\_scm' (maybe misspelled?)

Download error on [https://pypi.org/simple/][https_pypi.org_simple]: \[Errno -3\] Temporary failure in name resolution -- Some packages may not be found!

No local packages or working download links found for setuptools\_scm

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('setuptools\_scm')

最后终于成功安装matplotlib了（试着import matplotlib没问题）

\[root@xxx matplotlib-3.0.3\]\# python3 setup.py install

......

Finished processing dependencies for matplotlib==3.0.3

\[root@xxx matplotlib-3.0.3\]\# python3

Python 3.6.8 (default, Apr  9 2019, 18:09:49)

\[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)\] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import matplotlib

>>>

>>> exit()

=========================================

使用matplotlib遇到的问题

\# python3

Python 3.6.8 (default, Apr  9 2019, 18:09:49)

\[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16)\] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86\_64.egg/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 32, in <module>

import matplotlib.colorbar

File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86\_64.egg/matplotlib/colorbar.py", line 32, in <module>

import matplotlib.contour as contour

File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86\_64.egg/matplotlib/contour.py", line 19, in <module>

import matplotlib.text as text

File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86\_64.egg/matplotlib/text.py", line 18, in <module>

from .textpath import TextPath  \# Unused, but imported by others.

File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86\_64.egg/matplotlib/textpath.py", line 12, in <module>

from matplotlib.mathtext import MathTextParser

File "/opt/testpy3/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib-3.0.3-py3.6-linux-x86\_64.egg/matplotlib/mathtext.py", line 34, in <module>

from matplotlib import \_png, cbook, colors as mcolors, get\_data\_path, rcParams

ImportError: libpng16.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

**解决：**

libpng的安装目录下配置动态链接

\# echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

\# cat /etc/ld.so.conf

include ld.so.conf.d/\*.conf

/usr/local/lib

\# cd libpng-1.6.34

\# sudo ldconfig

\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#

pygal安装之前要安装pytest-runner

1.python官网下载pytest-runner和pygal

2.安装pytest-runner，再安装pygal (python3 setup.py install)

[ftp_sourceware.org_pub_libffi]: ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi
[http_www.libpng.org_pub_png_libpng.html]: http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html
[https_libpng.sourceforge.io_index.html]: https://libpng.sourceforge.io/index.html
[ftp_ftp.simplesystems.org_pub_png]: ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/png/
[ftp_ftp.simplesystems.org_pub_png_src_libpng16]: ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/png/src/libpng16/
[https_www.cnblogs.com_skyme_archive_2011_01_19_1939606.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/skyme/archive/2011/01/19/1939606.html
[http_bugzilla.redhat.com_bugzilla]: http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla
[https_pypi.org_simple]: https://pypi.org/simple/
[https_pypi.org_simple_setuptools_scm]: https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools_scm/
[https_pypi.org_simple_setuptools-scm]: https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools-scm/