top 介绍

ゝ一世哀愁。 2022-01-31 20:11 74阅读 0赞

top动态显示系统进程和其他大概运行信息，例如：

[root@master ~]# top
    top - 11:58:57 up  2:32,  2 users,  load average: 0.15, 0.05, 0.06
    Tasks: 108 total,   2 running, 106 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
    Cpu(s):  0.7%us,  1.6%sy,  0.0%ni, 96.7%id,  0.7%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.3%si,  0.0%st
    Mem:   1011432k total,   406612k used,   604820k free,    74152k buffers
    Swap:  2031612k total,        0k used,  2031612k free,   135136k cached
    
      PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                                                                                                                               
     3342 root      20   0 15088 1124  852 R  1.0  0.1   0:00.12 top                                                                                                                                    
       10 root      20   0     0    0    0 R  0.7  0.0   0:03.04 rcu_sched                                                                                                                              
     2450 root      20   0 98.0m 4068 3072 S  0.7  0.4   0:00.82 sshd                                                                                                                                   
       23 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.3  0.0   0:13.07 kworker/0:1                                                                                                                            
     1298 root      20   0  170m 7700 4480 S  0.3  0.8   0:16.52 vmtoolsd                                                                                                                               
        1 root      20   0 19408 1528 1228 S  0.0  0.2   0:02.75 init                                                                                                                                   
        2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                                                                                               
        3 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.08 ksoftirqd/0                                                                                                                            
        5 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                                                                                                                           
        6 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/u:0                                                                                                                            
        7 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/u:0H                                                                                                                           
        8 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                                                                                            
        9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                                                                                                                                 
       11 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.10 watchdog/0                                                                                                                             
       12 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 cpuset                                                                                                                                 
       13 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khelper                                                                                                                                
       14 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs                                                                                                                              
       15 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 netns                                                                                                                                  
       16 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 bdi-default                                                                                                                            
       17 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kintegrityd                                                                                                                            
       18 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kblockd                                                                                                                                
       19 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 xenbus_frontend                                                                                                                        
       20 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 ata_sff                                                                                                                                
       21 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khubd                                                                                                                                  
       22 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 md                                                                                                                                     
       24 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd

**输出解析**  
`top - 11:58:57 up 2:32, 2 users, load average: 0.15, 0.05, 0.06`  
当前时间为11:58:57，系统启动了2小时32分，有2个用户已登录系统，平均负载为0.15（1分钟内）, 0.05（5分钟内）, 0.06（15分钟内）  
`Tasks: 108 total, 2 running, 106 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie`  
当前有108个任务（进程），其中2个任务正在运行，106个任务在休眠状态，0个stoped，0个僵尸进程  
`Cpu(s): 0.7%us, 1.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 96.7%id, 0.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st`  
CPU统计信息，用户态占比0.7%，内核态占比1.6%,用户进程空间内改变过优先级的进程占用CPU 0%，CPU96.7%空闲，0.7%的CPU时间在等待IO，硬中断所耗费的时间占0%，软中断所耗费的时间占0.3%，Steal Time占0%  
`Mem: 1011432k total, 406612k used, 604820k free, 74152k buffers`  
`Swap: 2031612k total, 0k used, 2031612k free, 135136k cached`  
内存及swap使用情况  
`PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND`  
PID，进程号  
USER，用户  
PR，优先级  
NI，nice值  
VIRT，虚拟内存总量，单位kb  
RES，未被换出的物理内存量，单位kb  
SHR，共享内存，单位kb  
S，进程状态，D=不可中断的睡眠状态，R=运行，S=睡眠，T=跟踪/停止，Z=僵尸进程  
%CPU，上次更新到现在的CPU时间占用百分比  
%MEM，进程使用的物理内存百分比  
TIME+，进程使用的CPU时间总计,单位1/100秒  
COMMAND，命令名/命令行

**界面操作**  
按h显示操作帮助

Help for Interactive Commands - procps version 3.2.8
    Window 1:Def: Cumulative mode Off.  System: Delay 3.0 secs; Secure mode Off.
    
      Z,B       Global: 'Z' change color mappings; 'B' disable/enable bold
      l,t,m     Toggle Summaries: 'l' load avg; 't' task/cpu stats; 'm' mem info
      1,I       Toggle SMP view: '1' single/separate states; 'I' Irix/Solaris mode
    
      f,o     . Fields/Columns: 'f' add or remove; 'o' change display order
      F or O  . Select sort field
      <,>     . Move sort field: '<' next col left; '>' next col right
      R,H     . Toggle: 'R' normal/reverse sort; 'H' show threads
      c,i,S   . Toggle: 'c' cmd name/line; 'i' idle tasks; 'S' cumulative time
      x,y     . Toggle highlights: 'x' sort field; 'y' running tasks
      z,b     . Toggle: 'z' color/mono; 'b' bold/reverse (only if 'x' or 'y')
      u       . Show specific user only
      n or #  . Set maximum tasks displayed
    
      k,r       Manipulate tasks: 'k' kill; 'r' renice
      d or s    Set update interval
      W         Write configuration file
      q         Quit
              ( commands shown with '.' require a visible task display window ) 
    Press 'h' or '?' for help with Windows,
    any other key to continue

例如按f进行添加或删除需要显示的列，其中大写表示显示，小写表示不显示

Current Fields:  AEHIOqTWKNMbcdfgjplrsuvyzX  for window 1:Def
    Toggle fields via field letter, type any other key to return 
    
    * A: PID        = Process Id                                                    0x00000004  PF_EXITING
    * E: USER       = User Name                                                     0x00000040  PF_FORKNOEXEC
    * H: PR         = Priority                                                      0x00000100  PF_SUPERPRIV
    * I: NI         = Nice value                                                    0x00000200  PF_DUMPCORE
    * O: VIRT       = Virtual Image (kb)                                            0x00000400  PF_SIGNALED
      q: RES        = Resident size (kb)                                            0x00000800  PF_MEMALLOC
    * T: SHR        = Shared Mem size (kb)                                          0x00002000  PF_FREE_PAGES (2.5)
    * W: S          = Process Status                                                0x00008000  debug flag (2.5)
    * K: %CPU       = CPU usage                                                     0x00024000  special threads (2.5)
    * N: %MEM       = Memory usage (RES)                                            0x001D0000  special states (2.5)
    * M: TIME+      = CPU Time, hundredths                                          0x00100000  PF_USEDFPU (thru 2.4)
      b: PPID       = Parent Process Pid
      c: RUSER      = Real user name
      d: UID        = User Id
      f: GROUP      = Group Name
      g: TTY        = Controlling Tty
      j: P          = Last used cpu (SMP)
      p: SWAP       = Swapped size (kb)
      l: TIME       = CPU Time
      r: CODE       = Code size (kb)
      s: DATA       = Data+Stack size (kb)
      u: nFLT       = Page Fault count
      v: nDRT       = Dirty Pages count
      y: WCHAN      = Sleeping in Function
      z: Flags      = Task Flags <sched.h>
    * X: COMMAND    = Command name/line
    
    Flags field:
      0x00000001  PF_ALIGNWARN
      0x00000002  PF_STARTING

按O指定输出信息的排序依据，选择排序内容对应的字母，大写带星号表示是当前的排序依据列

Current Sort Field:  F  for window 1:Def
    Select sort field via field letter, type any other key to return 
    
      a: PID        = Process Id                                                    field order, the '<' and '>' keys
      b: PPID       = Parent Process Pid                                            will be unavailable until a field
      c: RUSER      = Real user name                                                within viewable range is chosen.
      d: UID        = User Id
      e: USER       = User Name                                                   Note2:
    * F: GROUP      = Group Name                                                    Field sorting uses internal values,
      g: TTY        = Controlling Tty                                               not those in column display.  Thus,
      h: PR         = Priority                                                      the TTY & WCHAN fields will violate
      i: NI         = Nice value                                                    strict ASCII collating sequence.
      j: P          = Last used cpu (SMP)                                           (shame on you if WCHAN is chosen)
      k: %CPU       = CPU usage
      l: TIME       = CPU Time
      m: TIME+      = CPU Time, hundredths
      n: %MEM       = Memory usage (RES)
      o: VIRT       = Virtual Image (kb)
      p: SWAP       = Swapped size (kb)
      q: RES        = Resident size (kb)
      r: CODE       = Code size (kb)
      s: DATA       = Data+Stack size (kb)
      t: SHR        = Shared Mem size (kb)
      u: nFLT       = Page Fault count
      v: nDRT       = Dirty Pages count
      w: S          = Process Status
      x: COMMAND    = Command name/line
      y: WCHAN      = Sleeping in Function
      z: Flags      = Task Flags <sched.h>
    
    Note1:
      If a selected sort field can't be
      shown due to screen width or your