一篇文章搞定微信公众号开发

冷不防 2022-01-26 16:23 432阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  1.获取基本信息
 *  2.引入相关jar包
 *  3.配置请求url
 *  4.配置白名单路径
 *  5.接收消息和事件推送
 *  6.工具类

# 1.获取基本信息 #

进这个页面，[https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login][https_mp.weixin.qq.com_debug_cgi-bin_sandbox_t_sandbox_login]  
登陆下，然后获取appid和skey

# 2.引入相关jar包 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20190529152430145.png]  
这些jar包就不说了，json，xml处理，日志，lang

# 3.配置请求url #

去 【1】 里面的url，里面有个接口请求，这个时候需要内网穿透！！！  
然后写个action，我这里用Servlet，可以用mvc

@WebServlet("/wx")
    public class WxServlet extends HttpServlet { 
    	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
    			/** * signature 微信加密签名，signature结合了开发者填写的token参数和请求中的timestamp参数、nonce参数。 timestamp 时间戳 nonce 随机数 echostr 随机字符串 */
    			String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
    			String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
    			String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
    			String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
    			//校验证签名
    			if(WxService.check(timestamp,nonce,signature)) { 
    				System.out.println("接入成功");
    				PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    				//原样返回echostr参数
    				out.print(echostr);
    				out.flush();
    				out.close();
    			}else { 
    				System.out.println("接入失败");
    			}
    		}
    }

检查token是否正确,注意 token可以随便写，但要和公众平台上的token一致

private static final String TOKEN = "cxl";
    private static final String APPKEY="1fec136dbd19f44743803f89bd55ca62";
    private static final String GET_TOKEN_URL="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
    //微信公众号
    private static final String APPID="wxb86ee2a85e10f543";
    private static final String APPSECRET="2944570351da086aad7958fc9b04c8ba";

public static boolean check(String timestamp, String nonce, String signature) { 
    		 //1）将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序 
    		String[] strs = new String[] { TOKEN,timestamp,nonce};
    		Arrays.sort(strs);
    		 //2）将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 
    		String str = strs[0]+strs[1]+strs[2];
    		String mysig = sha1(str);
    		 //3）开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信
    		return mysig.equalsIgnoreCase(signature);
    	}

# 4.配置白名单路径 #

自己去微信公众平台上添加一下，注意 cc 为后缀名的域名无法被解析  
[https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login][https_mp.weixin.qq.com_debug_cgi-bin_sandbox_t_sandbox_login]

# 5.接收消息和事件推送 #

/** * 接收消息和事件推送 */
    	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
    		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
    		response.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
    		//处理消息和事件推送
    		Map<String, String> requestMap = WxService.parseRequest(request.getInputStream());
    		System.out.println(requestMap);
    		//准备回复的数据包
    		String respXml = WxService.getRespose(requestMap);
    		System.out.println(respXml);
    		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    		out.print(respXml);
    		out.flush();
    		out.close();
    	}

# 6.工具类 #

package service;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.net.MalformedURLException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.net.URLConnection;
    import java.security.MessageDigest;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    
    import org.dom4j.Document;
    import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
    import org.dom4j.Element;
    import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
    
    import com.baidu.aip.ocr.AipOcr;
    import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
    
    import entity.AccessToken;
    import entity.Article;
    import entity.BaseMessage;
    import entity.ImageMessage;
    import entity.MusicMessage;
    import entity.NewsMessage;
    import entity.TextMessage;
    import entity.VideoMessage;
    import entity.VoiceMessage;
    import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
    import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
    import sun.misc.Signal;
    import util.Util;
    
    public class WxService { 
    	private static final String TOKEN = "cxl";
    	private static final String APPKEY="1fec136dbd19f44743803f89bd55ca62";
    	private static final String GET_TOKEN_URL="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
    	//微信公众号
    	private static final String APPID="wxb86ee2a85e10f543";
    	private static final String APPSECRET="2944570351da086aad7958fc9b04c8ba";
    	//百度AI
    	public static final String APP_ID = "11519092";
    	public static final String API_KEY = "q3TlGWWqEBG9uGvlFIBtpvY5";
    	public static final String SECRET_KEY = "A14W5VRNG8my1GXYYAyNND0RjzBwxI8A";
    	
    	//用于存储token
    	private static AccessToken at;
    	
    	/** * 获取token */
    	private static void getToken() { 
    		String url = GET_TOKEN_URL.replace("APPID", APPID).replace("APPSECRET", APPSECRET);
    		String tokenStr = Util.get(url);
    		JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(tokenStr);
    		String token = jsonObject.getString("access_token");
    		String expireIn = jsonObject.getString("expires_in");
    		//创建token对象,并存起来。
    		at = new AccessToken(token, expireIn);
    	}
    	
    	/** * 向处暴露的获取token的方法 * @return */
    	public static String getAccessToken() { 
    		if(at==null||at.isExpired()) { 
    			getToken();
    		}
    		return at.getAccessToken();
    	}
    	
    	/** * 验证签名 * @param timestamp * @param nonce * @param signature * @return */
    	public static boolean check(String timestamp, String nonce, String signature) { 
    		 //1）将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序 
    		String[] strs = new String[] { TOKEN,timestamp,nonce};
    		Arrays.sort(strs);
    		 //2）将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 
    		String str = strs[0]+strs[1]+strs[2];
    		String mysig = sha1(str);
    		 //3）开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信
    		return mysig.equalsIgnoreCase(signature);
    	}
    	
    	/** * 进行sha1加密 * @param str * @return */
    	private static String sha1(String src) { 
    		try { 
    			//获取一个加密对象
    			MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("sha1");
    			//加密
    			byte[] digest = md.digest(src.getBytes());
    			char[] chars= { '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
    			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    			//处理加密结果
    			for(byte b:digest) { 
    				sb.append(chars[(b>>4)&15]);
    				sb.append(chars[b&15]);
    			}
    			return sb.toString();
    		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * 解析xml数据包 * @param is * @return */
    	public static Map<String, String> parseRequest(InputStream is) { 
    		Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
    		SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
    		try { 
    			//读取输入流，获取文档对象
    			Document document = reader.read(is);
    			//根据文档对象获取根节点
    			Element root = document.getRootElement();
    			//获取根节点的所有的子节点
    			List<Element> elements = root.elements();
    			for(Element e:elements) { 
    				map.put(e.getName(), e.getStringValue());
    			}
    		} catch (DocumentException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return map;
    	}
    
    	/** * 用于处理所有的事件和消息的回复 * @param requestMap * @return 返回的是xml数据包 */
    	public static String getRespose(Map<String, String> requestMap) { 
    		BaseMessage msg=null;
    		String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");
    		switch (msgType) { 
    			//处理文本消息
    			case "text":
    				msg=dealTextMessage(requestMap);
    				break;
    			case "image":
    				msg=dealImage(requestMap);
    				break;
    			case "voice":
    				
    				break;
    			case "video":
    				
    				break;
    			case "shortvideo":
    				
    				break;
    			case "location":
    				
    				break;
    			case "link":
    				
    				break;
    			case "event":
    				msg = dealEvent(requestMap);
    				break;
    			default:
    				break;
    		}
    		//把消息对象处理为xml数据包
    		if(msg!=null) { 
    			return beanToXml(msg);
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * 进行图片识别 * @param requestMap * @return */
    	private static BaseMessage dealImage(Map<String, String> requestMap) { 
    		// 初始化一个AipOcr
    		AipOcr client = new AipOcr(APP_ID, API_KEY, SECRET_KEY);
    		// 可选：设置网络连接参数
    		client.setConnectionTimeoutInMillis(2000);
    		client.setSocketTimeoutInMillis(60000);
    		// 调用接口
    		String path = requestMap.get("PicUrl");
    		
    		//进行网络图片的识别
    		org.json.JSONObject res = client.generalUrl(path, new HashMap<String,String>());
    		String json = res.toString();
    		//转为jsonObject
    		JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(json);
    		JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("words_result");
    		Iterator<JSONObject> it = jsonArray.iterator();
    		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    		while(it.hasNext()) { 
    			JSONObject next = it.next();
    			sb.append(next.getString("words"));
    		}
    		return new TextMessage(requestMap, sb.toString());
    	}
    
    	/** * 处理事件推送 * @param requestMap * @return */
    	private static BaseMessage dealEvent(Map<String, String> requestMap) { 
    		String event = requestMap.get("Event");
    		switch (event) { 
    			case "CLICK":
    				return dealClick(requestMap);
    			case "VIEW":
    				return dealView(requestMap);
    			default:
    				break;
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * @param requestMap * @return */
    	private static BaseMessage dealView(Map<String, String> requestMap) { 
    		
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * 处理click菜单 * @param requestMap * @return */
    	private static BaseMessage dealClick(Map<String, String> requestMap) { 
    		String key = requestMap.get("EventKey");
    		switch (key) { 
    			//点击一菜单点
    			case "1":
    				//处理点击了第一个一级菜单
    				return new TextMessage(requestMap, "你点了一点第一个一级菜单");
    			case "32":
    				//处理点击了第三个一级菜单的第二个子菜单
    				break;
    			default:
    				break;
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * 把消息对象处理为xml数据包 * @param msg * @return */
    	private static String beanToXml(BaseMessage msg) { 
    		XStream stream = new XStream();
    		//设置需要处理XStreamAlias("xml")注释的类
    		stream.processAnnotations(TextMessage.class);
    		stream.processAnnotations(ImageMessage.class);
    		stream.processAnnotations(MusicMessage.class);
    		stream.processAnnotations(NewsMessage.class);
    		stream.processAnnotations(VideoMessage.class);
    		stream.processAnnotations(VoiceMessage.class);
    		String xml = stream.toXML(msg);
    		return xml;
    	}
    
    	/** * 处理文本消息 * @param requestMap * @return */
    	private static BaseMessage dealTextMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap) { 
    		//用户发来的内容
    		String msg = requestMap.get("Content");
    		if(msg.equals("图文")) { 
    			List<Article> articles = new ArrayList<>();
    			articles.add(new Article("这是图文消息的标题", "这是图文消息的详细介绍", "https://img01.sogoucdn.com/app/a/100520093/137f7d5bc12ad4fc-9bf5547e8cef1005-5e008c268f9a5d5a6d49eceb3d171b27.jpg", "http://www.baidu.com"));
    // articles.add(new Article("这是图文消息的标题2", "这是图文消息的详细介绍2", "https://img01.sogoucdn.com/app/a/100520093/137f7d5bc12ad4fc-9bf5547e8cef1005-5e008c268f9a5d5a6d49eceb3d171b27.jpg", "http://www.baidu.com"));
    			NewsMessage nm = new NewsMessage(requestMap, articles);
    			return nm;
    		}
    		if(msg.equals("登录")) { 
    			String url="https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=wxb6777fffdf5b64a4&redirect_uri=http://www.6sdd.com/weixin/GetUserInfo&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo#wechat_redirect";
    			TextMessage tm = new TextMessage(requestMap, "点击<a href=\""+url+"\">这里</a>登录");
    			return tm;
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * 上传临时素材 * @param path 上传的文件的路径 * @param type 上传的文件类型 * @return */
    	public static String upload(String path,String type) { 
    		File file = new File(path);
    		//地址
    		String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=TYPE";
    		url = url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", getAccessToken()).replace("TYPE", type);
    		try { 
    			URL urlObj = new URL(url);
    			//强转为案例连接
    			HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) urlObj.openConnection();
    			//设置连接的信息
    			conn.setDoInput(true);
    			conn.setDoOutput(true);
    			conn.setUseCaches(false);
    			//设置请求头信息
    			conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    			conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf8");
    			//数据的边界
    			String boundary = "-----"+System.currentTimeMillis();
    			conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data;boundary="+boundary);
    			//获取输出流
    			OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
    			//创建文件的输入流
    			InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
    			//第一部分：头部信息
    			//准备头部信息
    			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    			sb.append("--");
    			sb.append(boundary);
    			sb.append("\r\n");
    			sb.append("Content-Disposition:form-data;name=\"media\";filename=\""+file.getName()+"\"\r\n");
    			sb.append("Content-Type:application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n");
    			out.write(sb.toString().getBytes());
    			System.out.println(sb.toString());
    			//第二部分：文件内容
    			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
    			int len;
    			while((len=is.read(b))!=-1) { 
    				out.write(b, 0, len);
    			}
    			is.close();
    			//第三部分：尾部信息
    			String foot = "\r\n--"+boundary+"--\r\n";
    			out.write(foot.getBytes());
    			out.flush();
    			out.close();
    			//读取数据
    			InputStream is2 = conn.getInputStream();
    			StringBuilder resp = new StringBuilder();
    			while((len=is2.read(b))!=-1) { 
    				resp.append(new String(b,0,len));
    			}
    			return resp.toString();
    		} catch (Exception e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    	
    	/** * 获取带参数二维码的ticket * @return */
    	public static String getQrCodeTicket() { 
    		String at = getAccessToken();
    		String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/qrcode/create?access_token="+at;
    		//生成临时字符二维码
    		String data="{\"expire_seconds\": 600, \"action_name\": \"QR_STR_SCENE\", \"action_info\": {\"scene\": {\"scene_str\": \"llzs\"}}}";
    		String result = Util.post(url, data);
    		String ticket = JSONObject.fromObject(result).getString("ticket");
    		return ticket;
    	}
    	
    	/** * 获取用户的基本信息 * @return */
    	public static String getUserInfo(String openid) { 
    		String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN";
    		url = url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", getAccessToken()).replace("OPENID", openid);
    		String result = Util.get(url);
    		return result;
    	}
    
    }

把这个工具类引进去，然后启动项目即可！  
回复图文，会回复个图文消息，用户输入的发送之后，后台也可以进行文字的回复和图文的回复。

请求的工具类

package util;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.DataInputStream;
    import java.io.DataOutputStream;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.net.URLConnection;
    import java.net.URLEncoder;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
    
    import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
    import service.WxService;
    
    public class Util { 
    	public static final String DEF_CHATSET = "UTF-8";
    	public static final int DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT = 30000;
    	public static final int DEF_READ_TIMEOUT = 30000;
    	public static String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36";
    
    	// 配置您申请的KEY
    	public static final String APPKEY = "*************************";
    	
    	/** * 向指定的地址发送一个post请求，带着data数据 * * @param url * @param data */
    	public static String post(String url, String data) { 
    		try { 
    			URL urlObj = new URL(url);
    			URLConnection connection = urlObj.openConnection();
    			// 要发送数据出去，必须要设置为可发送数据状态
    			connection.setDoOutput(true);
    			// 获取输出流
    			OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
    			// 写出数据
    			os.write(data.getBytes());
    			os.close();
    			// 获取输入流
    			InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
    			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
    			int len;
    			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    			while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { 
    				sb.append(new String(b, 0, len));
    			}
    			return sb.toString();
    		} catch (Exception e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * 向指定的地址发送get请求 * * @param url */
    	public static String get(String url) { 
    		try { 
    			URL urlObj = new URL(url);
    			// 开连接
    			URLConnection connection = urlObj.openConnection();
    			InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
    			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
    			int len;
    			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    			while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { 
    				sb.append(new String(b, 0, len));
    			}
    			return sb.toString();
    		} catch (Exception e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	/** * * @param strUrl * 请求地址 * @param params * 请求参数 * @param method * 请求方法 * @return 网络请求字符串 * @throws Exception */
    	public static String net(String strUrl, Map params, String method) throws Exception { 
    		HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    		BufferedReader reader = null;
    		String rs = null;
    		try { 
    			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    			if (method == null || method.equals("GET")) { 
    				strUrl = strUrl + "?" + urlencode(params);
    			}
    			URL url = new URL(strUrl);
    			conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    			if (method == null || method.equals("GET")) { 
    				conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
    			} else { 
    				conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
    				conn.setDoOutput(true);
    			}
    			conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", userAgent);
    			conn.setUseCaches(false);
    			conn.setConnectTimeout(DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT);
    			conn.setReadTimeout(DEF_READ_TIMEOUT);
    			conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
    			conn.connect();
    			if (params != null && method.equals("POST")) { 
    				try { 
    					DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
    					out.writeBytes(urlencode(params));
    				} catch (Exception e) { 
    					// TODO: handle exception
    				}
    			}
    			InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
    			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, DEF_CHATSET));
    			String strRead = null;
    			while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) { 
    				sb.append(strRead);
    			}
    			rs = sb.toString();
    		} catch (IOException e) { 
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally { 
    			if (reader != null) { 
    				reader.close();
    			}
    			if (conn != null) { 
    				conn.disconnect();
    			}
    		}
    		return rs;
    	}
    
    	// 将map型转为请求参数型
    	public static String urlencode(Map<String, Object> data) { 
    		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    		for (Map.Entry i : data.entrySet()) { 
    			try { 
    				sb.append(i.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(i.getValue() + "", "UTF-8")).append("&");
    			} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    		}
    		return sb.toString();
    	}
    
    }

[https_mp.weixin.qq.com_debug_cgi-bin_sandbox_t_sandbox_login]: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
[20190529152430145.png]: /images/20220126/c0c9c8e5c1dc49d9bb493ac5c20d9605.png