计算机网络原理实验1《NS3路由模拟实验》

喜欢ヅ旅行 2021-11-11 07:01 906阅读 0赞

#### 实验1《NS3路由模拟实验》 ####

##### 一、实验目的 #####

1.  了解NS3网络模拟器的基本操作；
2.  学习采用距离矢量算法（Distance Vector Algorithm）的动态路由。

##### 二、实验内容 #####

本实验的主要实验过程分别是：搭建NS3平台的坏境和学习采用距离矢量算法（Distance Vector Algorithm）的动态路由。此外，在实验过程中需要同学们自学linux操作系统的安装和使用（可在虚拟机中安装linux，本实验指导书使用的VMware虚拟机中的ubuntu操作系统），熟悉linux下的软件开发过程（如vi编辑器，gcc编译器），熟悉C++、Python编程语言。

##### 三、实验方法 #####

利用Vmware 14 + CentOS 7.6 开发工具进行NS3路由模拟实验。

##### 四、实验步骤 #####

1.  安装NS3（参考官方教程：[https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation）][https_www.nsnam.org_wiki_Installation]  
    （1）开发环境配置：  
    在CentOS系统中按照如下命令进行操作：

yum install gcc-c++ python   //运行环境要求

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170132903.png]

yum -y install python-devel  //Python开发头是启用Python绑定所必需的(用于从Python编写ns-3程序)

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170200358.png]

yum install qt5-devel  //netanim动画器需要Qt5开发包
    yum -y install mercurial  //Mercurial需要与ns-3开发存储库一起工作

![在这里插入图片描述][2019080417025388.png]

yum install doxygen graphviz ImageMagick  //Doxygen和相关的内联文档

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170257585.png]

yum install python-sphinx dia texlive texlive-latex  //ns-3手册和教程是用reStructuredText为Sphinx编写的(doc/tutorial、doc/manual、doc/models)，通常用dia编写图形

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170305257.png]

yum install openmpi openmpi-devel  //基于mpi的并行分布式仿真支持需要openmpi

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170311956.png]

yum install tcpdump wireshark   //读取ns-3生成的pcap数据包跟踪

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170317374.png]

yum install sqlite sqlite-devel  //对统计数据的数据库支持

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170322894.png]

yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel  //配置存储的基于xml的版本(需要libxml2 >= 2.7版本)

![在这里插入图片描述][2019080417032990.png]

yum install uncrustify  //支持utils/check-style.py风格的检查程序

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170332826.png]

yum install boost-devel  //对openflowswitch的支持需要一些Boost库

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170336622.png]

// 支持ns-3-pyviz可视化器
    yum install graphviz graphviz-devel python-setuptools-devel ipython
    sudo easy_install pygraphviz
    yum install goocanvas pygtk2-devel

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170347391.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170351233.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][2019080417035631.png]

yum install git  //需要Git来获取click模块路由和pygccxml

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170434469.png]

yum install gsl gsl-devel  //一个可选但推荐的包(用于提高一些无线模型的保真度)是GNU科学库

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170438548.png]

yum install gtk2 gtk2-devel  //一个基于gtk的配置系统

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170444592.png]

yum install gdb valgrind  //调试

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170448983.png]

（2）使用Mercurial下载ns-3
     cd 自定义安装目录
     mkdir repos
     cd repos
     hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-allinone

![在这里插入图片描述][20190804170456226.png]

cd ns-3-allinone-3.29/
    ./download.py

（3）编译NS3以及图形化界面程序NetAnim

cd ns-3-allinone-3.29/
    ./build.py
    cd ns-3-allinone-3.29/ns-3-dev
    ./waf -c auto
    cd ..
    cd netanim-3.108
    make clean
    qmake NetAnim.pro
    make

(5)运行仿真界面

cd netanim-3.108/     //进入图形界面目录
    ./NetAnim     //运行图形界面，即可看到如下界面

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
2．编写动态路由算法实现路由模拟程序  
根据距离矢量算法实现模拟程序编码工作，具体源码如下所示：

//ns3routing.cc
     #include <iostream>
     #include <fstream>
     #include <string>
     #include <cassert>
     #include "ns3/core-module.h"
     #include "ns3/network-module.h"
     #include "ns3/csma-module.h"
     #include "ns3/internet-module.h"
     #include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
     #include "ns3/applications-module.h"
     #include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"
     #include "ns3/netanim-module.h"
     using namespace ns3;
     
     NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("DynamicGlobalRoutingExample");
     
     int 
     main (int argc, char *argv[])
     { 
       // 配置全局路由算法的参数。The below value configures the default behavior of global routing.
       // 默认情况下是禁用的，相应借口事件时候，设为true
       Config::SetDefault ("ns3::Ipv4GlobalRouting::RespondToInterfaceEvents", BooleanValue (true));
     
    
       CommandLine cmd;
       cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
       //创建节点
       NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");
       NodeContainer c;
       c.Create (7);
       NodeContainer n0n2 = NodeContainer (c.Get (0), c.Get (2));
       NodeContainer n1n2 = NodeContainer (c.Get (1), c.Get (2));
       NodeContainer n5n6 = NodeContainer (c.Get (5), c.Get (6));
       NodeContainer n1n6 = NodeContainer (c.Get (1), c.Get (6));
       NodeContainer n2345 = NodeContainer (c.Get (2), c.Get (3), c.Get (4), c.Get (5));
     
       InternetStackHelper internet;
       internet.Install (c);
     
       // 创建第一次没有任何ip寻址信息的信道
       NS_LOG_INFO ("Create channels.");
       PointToPointHelper p2p;
       p2p.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
       p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
       NetDeviceContainer d0d2 = p2p.Install (n0n2);
       NetDeviceContainer d1d6 = p2p.Install (n1n6);
     
       NetDeviceContainer d1d2 = p2p.Install (n1n2);
     
       p2p.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("1500kbps"));
       p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("10ms"));
       NetDeviceContainer d5d6 = p2p.Install (n5n6);
     
       // 创建第一次没有任何ip寻址信息的信道
       CsmaHelper csma;
       csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
       csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
       NetDeviceContainer d2345 = csma.Install (n2345);
     
       // 添加ip地址
       NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign IP Addresses.");
       Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;
       ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
       ipv4.Assign (d0d2);
     
       ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0");
       ipv4.Assign (d1d2);
     
       ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.3.0", "255.255.255.0");
       Ipv4InterfaceContainer i5i6 = ipv4.Assign (d5d6);
     
       ipv4.SetBase ("10.250.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
       ipv4.Assign (d2345);
     
       ipv4.SetBase ("172.16.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
       Ipv4InterfaceContainer i1i6 = ipv4.Assign (d1d6);
     
       // 创建路由器节点，初始化路由选择数据库，设置路由表节点。
       Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();
     
       // 创建时断时续的发送数据报应用。
       NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Applications.");
       uint16_t port = 9;   // Discard port (RFC 863)
       OnOffHelper onoff ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",
                          InetSocketAddress (i5i6.GetAddress (1), port));
       onoff.SetConstantRate (DataRate ("2kbps"));
       onoff.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (50));
     
       ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install (c.Get (1));
       apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
       apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
     
       OnOffHelper onoff2 ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",
                           InetSocketAddress (i1i6.GetAddress (1), port));
       onoff2.SetAttribute ("OnTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
       onoff2.SetAttribute ("OffTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
       onoff2.SetAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("2kbps"));
       onoff2.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (50));
     
       ApplicationContainer apps2 = onoff2.Install (c.Get (1));
       apps2.Start (Seconds (11.0));
       apps2.Stop (Seconds (16.0));
     
       // 接收数据包
       PacketSinkHelper sink ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",
                              Address (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port)));
       apps = sink.Install (c.Get (6));
       apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
       apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
     
       PacketSinkHelper sink2 ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",
                               Address (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port)));
       apps2 = sink2.Install (c.Get (6));
       apps2.Start (Seconds (11.0));
       apps2.Stop (Seconds (16.0));
     
     
       AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
       Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream = ascii.CreateFileStream ("dynamic-global-routing.tr");
       p2p.EnableAsciiAll (stream);
       csma.EnableAsciiAll (stream);
       internet.EnableAsciiIpv4All (stream);
     
       p2p.EnablePcapAll ("dynamic-global-routing");
       csma.EnablePcapAll ("dynamic-global-routing", false);
      
       Ptr<Node> n1 = c.Get (1);
       Ptr<Ipv4> ipv41 = n1->GetObject<Ipv4> ();
       
       uint32_t ipv4ifIndex1 = 2;
     
       Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (2),&Ipv4::SetDown,ipv41, ipv4ifIndex1);
       Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (4),&Ipv4::SetUp,ipv41, ipv4ifIndex1);
     
       Ptr<Node> n6 = c.Get (6);
       Ptr<Ipv4> ipv46 = n6->GetObject<Ipv4> ();
       
       uint32_t ipv4ifIndex6 = 2;
       Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (6),&Ipv4::SetDown,ipv46, ipv4ifIndex6);
       Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (8),&Ipv4::SetUp,ipv46, ipv4ifIndex6);
     
       Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (12),&Ipv4::SetDown,ipv41, ipv4ifIndex1);
       Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (14),&Ipv4::SetUp,ipv41, ipv4ifIndex1);
     
       // 查探路由表
       Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper g;
       Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> routingStream = Create<OutputStreamWrapper> ("dynamic-global-routing.routes", std::ios::out);
       g.PrintRoutingTableAllAt (Seconds (12), routingStream);
       //设置生成xml文件，并确定各个节点的位置
       AnimationInterface animsd("ns3routing.xml");
       animsd.SetConstantPosition(c.Get(0),0,0);
       animsd.SetConstantPosition(c.Get(1),0,40);
       animsd.SetConstantPosition(c.Get(2),20,20);
       animsd.SetConstantPosition(c.Get(3),80,20);
       animsd.SetConstantPosition(c.Get(4),40,20);
       animsd.SetConstantPosition(c.Get(5),60,20);
       animsd.SetConstantPosition(c.Get(6),60,40);
    
    //开始仿真
       NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");
       Simulator::Run ();
       Simulator::Destroy ();
       NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");
     }

1.  测试验证NS3静态路由  
    实验结果见第五点。

##### 五、实验结果 #####

在CentOS 中按照以下命令操作，即可运行图形界面并进行程序操作。

cd netanim-3.108/    //进入到netanim目录下
    ./NetAnim

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5NTY0NTU1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

##### 六、实验小结 #####

本次实验主要是了解NS3网络模拟器的搭建与使用，在CentOS平台搭建过程中还是遇到了很多问题，主要是由于官方教程版本很久未更新了，导致部分软件版本对不上甚至不存在，另一个问题实验程序的编写与使用，主要是参考过往资料进行解读与重新编写使用。

参考文章：【1】[基于Centos7的NS-3安装总结（超详细！超完整！）][Centos7_NS-3]  
     【2】[NS3入门与安装][NS3]  
     【3】[Installation - Nsnam][]  
     【4】[NS3 安装可视化动画工具netanim][NS3 _netanim]  
     【5】[Centos7系统安装Qt5.9][Centos7_Qt5.9]  
     【6】[CentOS 7做流程图软件][CentOS 7]

[https_www.nsnam.org_wiki_Installation]: https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation%EF%BC%89
[20190804170132903.png]: /images/20211109/bff3528dc7b94751b1fea26fc437bc25.png
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[Centos7_NS-3]: https://www.twblogs.net/a/5c221a2abd9eee16b3daf129/zh-cn
[NS3]: https://blog.csdn.net/rical730/article/details/71504169
[Installation - Nsnam]: https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation
[NS3 _netanim]: https://blog.csdn.net/rical730/article/details/71730163
[Centos7_Qt5.9]: https://blog.csdn.net/wojiuguowei/article/details/79229125
[CentOS 7]: https://blog.csdn.net/u011473614/article/details/46272785