HBase Shell命令（DDL/DML等命令介绍）

左手的ㄟ右手 2021-09-24 03:38 553阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  启动HBase Shell
 *  HBase Shell相关命令
 *   *  通用命令
     *  help命令
     *  namespace操作
     *   *  create\_namespace
         *  list\_namespace
         *  list\_namespace\_tables
         *  alter\_namespace
         *  describe\_namespace
         *  drop\_namespace
     *  DDL操作
     *   *  create
         *  describe
         *  exists
         *  alter
         *  disable
         *  enable
         *  drop
     *  DML操作
     *   *  scan
         *  put
         *  get
         *  count
         *  delete
         *  truncate

--------------------

# 启动HBase Shell #

要访问HBase shell，必须导航进入到HBase的主文件夹。  
`cd /usr/localhost/Hbase`

可以使用“hbase shell”命令来启动HBase的交互shell，如命令所示。  
`./bin/hbase shell`

![在这里插入图片描述][202004111248157.png]

从进入hbase shell中可以看到如下信息：  
要退出交互shell命令，在任何时候键入exit 或使用<Ctrl + C>。  
如果对某命令不了解使用，可以通过help command查看你想要了解到命令帮助信息

hbase shell中删除命令：`Ctrl+Backspace`

# HBase Shell相关命令 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>hbase</th> 
   <th>shell命令</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>create</td> 
   <td>创建表</td> 
   <td>&lt; create ‘表名’, ‘列族名’, ‘列族名2’,‘列族名N’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>list</td> 
   <td>查看所有表</td> 
   <td>&lt; list all &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>describe</td> 
   <td>显示表详细信息</td> 
   <td>&lt; describe ‘表名’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>exists</td> 
   <td>判断表是否存在</td> 
   <td>&lt; exists ‘表名’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>enable</td> 
   <td>使表有效</td> 
   <td>&lt; enable ‘表名’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>disable</td> 
   <td>使表无效</td> 
   <td>&lt; disable ‘表名’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>is_enabled</td> 
   <td>判断是否启动表</td> 
   <td>&lt; is_enabled ‘表名’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>is_disabled</td> 
   <td>判断是否禁用表</td> 
   <td>&lt; is_disabled ‘表名’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>count</td> 
   <td>统计表中行的数量</td> 
   <td>&lt; count ‘表名’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>put</td> 
   <td>添加记录</td> 
   <td>&lt; put ‘表名’, ‘row key’, ‘列族1 : 列’, ‘值’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get</td> 
   <td>获取记录(row key下所有)</td> 
   <td>&lt; get ‘表名’, ‘row key’&gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get</td> 
   <td>获取记录(某个列族)</td> 
   <td>&lt; get ‘表名’, ‘row key’, ‘列族’&gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get</td> 
   <td>获取记录(某个列)</td> 
   <td>&lt; get ‘表名’,‘row key’,‘列族:列’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>delete</td> 
   <td>删除记录</td> 
   <td>&lt; delete ‘表名’, ‘row key’, ‘列族:列’ &gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>deleteall</td> 
   <td>删除一行</td> 
   <td>&lt; deleteall ‘表名’,‘row key’&gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>drop</td> 
   <td>删除表</td> 
   <td>&lt;disable ‘表名’&gt; &lt; drop ‘表名’&gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>alter</td> 
   <td>修改列族（column family）</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>incr</td> 
   <td>增加指定表，行或列的值</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>truncate</td> 
   <td>清空表</td> 
   <td>逻辑为先删除后创建</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>scan</td> 
   <td>通过对表的扫描来获取对用的值</td> 
   <td>&lt;scan ‘表名’&gt;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tools</td> 
   <td>列出hbase所支持的工具</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>status</td> 
   <td>返回hbase集群的状态信息</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>version</td> 
   <td>返回hbase版本信息</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>exit</td> 
   <td>退出hbase shell</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>shutdown</td> 
   <td>关闭hbase集群(与exit不同)</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 通用命令 ##

*  status: 提供HBase的状态，例如，服务器的数量。
 *  version: 提供正在使用HBase版本。
 *  table\_help: 表引用命令提供帮助。
 *  whoami: 提供有关用户的信息。

## help命令 ##

shell命令中help命令很重要，当你不知道有哪些命令，命令怎么使用时，通过help命令获取帮助。

hbase(main):003:0> help
    HBase Shell, version 1.2.0-cdh5.7.6, rUnknown, Tue Feb 21 15:18:14 PST 2017
    Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
    Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
    
    COMMAND GROUPS:
      Group name: general
      Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami
    
      Group name: ddl
      Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, locate_region, show_filters
    
      Group name: namespace
      Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables
    
      Group name: dml
      Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, get_splits, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve
    
      Group name: tools
      Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, balancer_enabled, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, compact_mob, compact_rs, flush, major_compact
    , major_compact_mob, merge_region, move, normalize, normalizer_enabled, normalizer_switch, split, trace, unassign, wal_roll, zk_dump
      Group name: replication
      Commands: add_peer, append_peer_tableCFs, disable_peer, disable_table_replication, enable_peer, enable_table_replication, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, remove_peer_tableCFs, set_
    peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs
      Group name: snapshots
      Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_all_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, restore_snapshot, snapshot
    
      Group name: configuration
      Commands: update_all_config, update_config
    
      Group name: quotas
      Commands: list_quotas, set_quota
    
      Group name: security
      Commands: grant, list_security_capabilities, revoke, user_permission
    
      Group name: procedures
      Commands: abort_procedure, list_procedures
    
      Group name: visibility labels
      Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, list_labels, set_auths, set_visibility
    
    SHELL USAGE:
    Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names.  Commas delimit
    command parameters.  Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it.
    Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are
    Ruby Hashes. They look like this:
    
      {'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...}
    
    and are opened and closed with curley-braces.  Key/values are delimited by the
    '=>' character combination.  Usually keys are predefined constants such as
    NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc.  Constants do not need to be quoted.  Type
    'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.
    
    If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use
    double-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example:
    
      hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd"
      hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011"
      hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:', "\x01\x33\x40"
    
    The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added.
    For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/book.html

例如不知道list怎么使用，可以通过help ‘list’

hbase(main):008:0* help 'list' 
    List all tables in hbase. Optional regular expression parameter could
    be used to filter the output. Examples:
    
      hbase> list
      hbase> list 'abc.*'
      hbase> list 'ns:abc.*'
      hbase> list 'ns:.*'

由上面给出的信息可以看到list是列出所有的表或者加上命名空间列出指定某个命名空间所有的表

## namespace操作 ##

### create\_namespace ###

创建命名空间

hbase(main):039:0> create_namespace 'temp'
    0 row(s) in 0.1320 seconds

### list\_namespace ###

列出所有命名空间

hbase(main):045:0> list_namespace
    NAMESPACE                                                                                                                                                                                              
    default                                                                                                                                                                                                
    hbase                                                                                                                                                                                                  
    ns1                                                                                                                                                                                                    
    ns2                                                                                                                                                                                                    
    ns3                                                                                                                                                                                                    
    orders                                                                                                                                                                                                 
    temp                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    7 row(s) in 0.1520 seconds

### list\_namespace\_tables ###

列出命令空间的所有表

hbase(main):055:0* list_namespace_tables 'orders'
    TABLE                                                                                                                                                                                                  
    history_orders                                                                                                                                                                                         
    history_orders2                                                                                                                                                                                        
    history_orders3                                                                                                                                                                                        
    history_orders_hfile                                                                                                                                                                                   
    history_orders_hfile2                                                                                                                                                                                  
    5 row(s) in 0.0880 seconds

### alter\_namespace ###

修改命名空间属性

hbase(main):047:0* help 'alter_namespace'
    Alter namespace properties.
    
    To add/modify a property:
    
      hbase> alter_namespace 'ns1', {METHOD => 'set', 'PROPERTY_NAME' => 'PROPERTY_VALUE'}
    
    To delete a property:
    
      hbase> alter_namespace 'ns1', {METHOD => 'unset', NAME=>'PROPERTY_NAME'}

### describe\_namespace ###

查看命名空间信息

hbase(main):048:0> describe_namespace 'temp'
    DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                                                                            
    {NAME => 'temp'}                                                                                                                                                                                       
    1 row(s) in 0.2570 seconds

### drop\_namespace ###

删除命名空间，只能删除空的命名空间（即命名空间中没有任何表），不然会报错  
删除飞空命名空间：

hbase(main):069:0* drop_namespace 'ns3'
    
    ERROR: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.constraint.ConstraintException: Only empty namespaces can be removed. Namespace ns3 has 1 tables
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.TableNamespaceManager.remove(TableNamespaceManager.java:200)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.HMaster.deleteNamespace(HMaster.java:2515)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.MasterRpcServices.deleteNamespace(MasterRpcServices.java:496)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.MasterProtos$MasterService$2.callBlockingMethod(MasterProtos.java:55730)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcServer.call(RpcServer.java:2170)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.CallRunner.run(CallRunner.java:109)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcExecutor.consumerLoop(RpcExecutor.java:133)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcExecutor$1.run(RpcExecutor.java:108)
    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
    
    Here is some help for this command:
    Drop the named namespace. The namespace must be empty.

删除空的命名空间：

hbase(main):071:0* drop_namespace 'temp'
    0 row(s) in 0.1620 seconds

## DDL操作 ##

DDL操作命令有：alter, alter\_async, alter\_status, create, describe, disable, disable\_all, drop, drop\_all, enable, enable\_all, exists, get\_table, is\_disabled, is\_enabled, list, locate\_region, show\_filters  
这里就不对每个命令一一介绍了，有用到后再查找怎么使用，以下只介绍常用的

### create ###

创建表

create 'temp:temp_ttl', 'info', VERSION => 3, TTL => '60'

### describe ###

表的描述信息，可简写为desc

hbase(main):110:0> describe 'temp:temp_ttl'
    Table temp:temp_ttl is ENABLED                                                                                                                                                                         
    temp:temp_ttl                                                                                                                                                                                          
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                                                            
    {NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0
    ', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                                               
    1 row(s) in 0.1790 seconds
    
    hbase(main):111:0> desc 'temp:temp_ttl'
    Table temp:temp_ttl is ENABLED                                                                                                                                                                         
    temp:temp_ttl                                                                                                                                                                                          
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                                                            
    {NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0
    ', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                                               
    1 row(s) in 0.1290 seconds

### exists ###

查看表是否存在

hbase(main):112:0> exists 'temp:temp_ttl'
    Table temp:temp_ttl does exist                                                                                                                                                                         
    0 row(s) in 0.1200 seconds

### alter ###

表的修改  
添加列簇

hbase(main):117:0* alter 'temp:temp_ttl', 'info2'
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    0 row(s) in 2.0640 seconds
    
    hbase(main):118:0> desc 'temp:temp_ttl'
    Table temp:temp_ttl is ENABLED                                                                                                                                                                         
    temp:temp_ttl                                                                                                                                                                                          
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                                                            
    {NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0
    ', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                                               
    {NAME => 'info2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '
    0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                                              
    2 row(s) in 0.1500 seconds

删除列簇

hbase(main):123:0> alter 'temp:temp_ttl', {NAME => 'info2', METHOD => 'delete'}, {NAME => 'info', VERSION => '50'}
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    Unknown argument ignored for column family info: 1.8.7
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    0 row(s) in 4.0050 seconds
    
    hbase(main):124:0> desc 'temp:temp_ttl'
    Table temp:temp_ttl is ENABLED                                                                                                                                                                         
    temp:temp_ttl                                                                                                                                                                                          
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                                                            
    {NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0
    ', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                                                                                               
    1 row(s) in 0.0330 seconds

### disable ###

禁用表，删除表之前必须要先禁用表

hbase(main):152:0* disable 'temp:temp_ttl'
    0 row(s) in 2.2780 seconds

### enable ###

解除禁用

hbase(main):153:0> enable 'temp:temp_ttl'
    0 row(s) in 1.2510 seconds

### drop ###

删除表，删除表之前必须先禁用表，不然会报错

hbase(main):155:0* drop 'temp:temp_ttl'
    
    ERROR: Table temp:temp_ttl is enabled. Disable it first.
    
    Here is some help for this command:
    Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
      hbase> drop 't1'
      hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'

删除禁用的表

hbase(main):166:0* disable 't1'
    0 row(s) in 2.3620 seconds
    
    hbase(main):167:0> drop 't1'
    0 row(s) in 1.2590 seconds

## DML操作 ##

DML操作命令有：append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get\_counter, get\_splits, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate\_preserve  
这里就不对每个命令一一介绍了，有用到后再查找怎么使用，以下只介绍常用的

### scan ###

查找表中数据

hbase(main):170:0* scan 'temp:temp_ttl'
    ROW                                                COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                         
     row1                                              column=info:age, timestamp=1586621297861, value=20                                                                                                  
     row1                                              column=info:gender, timestamp=1586621366709, value=\xE7\x94\xB7                                                                                     
     row1                                              column=info:name, timestamp=1586621875469, value=zhangsan2                                                                                          
    1 row(s) in 0.0520 seconds

查询指定的row\_key和列名

hbase(main):004:0* scan 'temp:temp_ttl', {ROWPREFIXFILTER => 'row1', COLUMNS => ['info:name', 'info:age']}
    ROW                                                COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                         
     row1                                              column=info:age, timestamp=1586621297861, value=20                                                                                                  
     row1                                              column=info:name, timestamp=1586621875469, value=zhangsan2                                                                                          
    1 row(s) in 0.0870 seconds

### put ###

插入数据

hbase(main):005:0> put 'temp:temp_ttl', 'row2', 'info:age', '21'
    0 row(s) in 0.0970 seconds

### get ###

获取数据

hbase(main):016:0> get 'temp:temp_ttl', 'row1', {COLUMN => ['info:name', 'info:age'], TIMERANGE => [1586621297861, 1586621875469]}
    COLUMN                                             CELL                                                                                                                                                
     info:age                                          timestamp=1586621297861, value=20                                                                                                                   
    1 row(s) in 0.0270 seconds

\*\*注意：\*\*如果根据时间范围获取数据，第一个时间戳必须比第二个时间戳小（按时间从小到大），否则会报错

hbase(main):012:0* get 'temp:temp_ttl', 'row1', {COLUMN => ['info:name', 'info:age'], TIMERANGE => [1586621875469, 1586621297861]}
    COLUMN                                             CELL                                                                                                                                                
    
    ERROR: maxStamp is smaller than minStamp
    
    Here is some help for this command:
    Get row or cell contents; pass table name, row, and optionally
    a dictionary of column(s), timestamp, timerange and versions. Examples:

### count ###

查看表中有多少记录数，注意同一个rowkey属于一条记录

hbase(main):018:0* count 'temp:temp_ttl'
    2 row(s) in 0.0460 seconds
    
    => 2

### delete ###

删除指定数据

hbase(main):027:0* delete 'temp:temp_ttl', 'row2', 'info:name'
    0 row(s) in 0.0670 seconds
    
    hbase(main):028:0> 
    hbase(main):029:0* scan 'temp:temp_ttl'
    ROW                                                COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                         
     row1                                              column=info:age, timestamp=1586621297861, value=20                                                                                                  
     row1                                              column=info:gender, timestamp=1586621366709, value=\xE7\x94\xB7                                                                                     
     row1                                              column=info:name, timestamp=1586621875469, value=zhangsan2                                                                                          
     row2                                              column=info:age, timestamp=1586625576508, value=21                                                                                                  
    2 row(s) in 0.1440 seconds

### truncate ###

清空整个表的数据，先disable表，然后再drop表，最后重新create表

hbase(main):037:0* truncate 'temp:temp_ttl'
    Truncating 'temp:temp_ttl' table (it may take a while):
     - Disabling table...
     - Truncating table...
    0 row(s) in 4.0810 seconds

[202004111248157.png]: /images/20210923/1314f2e0650c4186bffe2139bba641f7.png