SpringBoot发送Http请求-接口对接

怼烎@ 2021-06-10 20:39 881阅读 0赞

背景:  
在做项目的时候，遇到接口对接，需要把数据发送到对方的接口中，接到项目的时候一脸懵逼，我也没搞过这样的对接，只会增删改查，看了文档，是通过http发送给对方的，对方要json数据传输。

开工:

1.  先测试是否能推送到对方的网址  
    强烈推荐大家使用postman测试接口，填写测试数据  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FkbWluUHdk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
    根据文档看发送后返回的数据，如果报404那些状态码，根据状态码判断对方给的文档是否标准
2.  利用RestTemplate发Http请求  
    英文不错的可以看看：  
    [官方文档传送门][Link 1]  
    英文不太行的可以看看这个  
    [文档传送门][Link 2]

RestTemplate是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端，RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。  
是Spring用于同步client端的核心类，简化了与http服务的通信，并满足RestFul原则，程序代码可以给它提供URL，并提取结果。默认情况下，RestTemplate默认依赖jdk的HTTP连接工具。当然你也可以 通过setRequestFactory属性切换到不同的HTTP源，比如Apache HttpComponents、Netty和OkHttp。

1.  上代码  
    3.1 pom下载

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
                <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
                <version>4.5.6</version>
            </dependency>

3.2 RestTemplate配置  
配置application.yml

http_pool:
      max_total: 200
      default_max_per_route: 100
      connect_timeout: 5000
      connection_request_timeout: 1000
      socket_timeout: 65000
      validate_after_inactivity: 2000

新建ApplicationValues.java  
这个是读取配置中的参数方法

package com.ktamrinterface.config;
    
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * @description 获取Application配置数据
     * @date
     */
    
    @Component
    public class ApplicationValues {
    
        @Value("${http_pool.max_total}")
        private int maxTotal;
    
        @Value("${http_pool.default_max_per_route}")
        private int maxPerRoute;
    
        @Value("${http_pool.connect_timeout}")
        private int connTimeOut;
    
        @Value("${http_pool.connection_request_timeout}")
        private int connReqTimeOut;
    
        @Value("${http_pool.socket_timeout}")
        private int socketTimeout;
    
        @Value("${http_pool.validate_after_inactivity}")
        private int inactivity;
    
        public int getMaxTotal() {
            return maxTotal;
        }
    
        public void setMaxTotal(int maxTotal) {
            this.maxTotal = maxTotal;
        }
    
        public int getMaxPerRoute() {
            return maxPerRoute;
        }
    
        public void setMaxPerRoute(int maxPerRoute) {
            this.maxPerRoute = maxPerRoute;
        }
    
        public int getConnTimeOut() {
            return connTimeOut;
        }
    
        public void setConnTimeOut(int connTimeOut) {
            this.connTimeOut = connTimeOut;
        }
    
        public int getConnReqTimeOut() {
            return connReqTimeOut;
        }
    
        public void setConnReqTimeOut(int connReqTimeOut) {
            this.connReqTimeOut = connReqTimeOut;
        }
    
        public int getSocketTimeout() {
            return socketTimeout;
        }
    
        public void setSocketTimeout(int socketTimeout) {
            this.socketTimeout = socketTimeout;
        }
    
        public int getInactivity() {
            return inactivity;
        }
    
        public void setInactivity(int inactivity) {
            this.inactivity = inactivity;
        }
    
    
    }

新建RestTemplateConfig.java  
这个是配置我们的底层http客户端（这里我们使用apache的client

如何配置：

Spring提供了HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory可以通过该方法来配置我们的http客户端

package com.ktamrinterface.config;
    
    
    import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
    import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
    import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
    import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
    import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
    import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
    import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    /**
     * @description http工厂配置
     * @date
     */
    @Configuration
    public class RestTemplateConfig {
    
        @Autowired
        private ApplicationValues appValues;
    
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate(httpRequestFactory());
        }
    
        @Bean
        public ClientHttpRequestFactory httpRequestFactory() {
            return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient());
        }
    
        @Bean
        public HttpClient httpClient() {
            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                    .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
                    .register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
                    .build();
            PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
            connectionManager.setMaxTotal(appValues.getMaxTotal());
            connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(appValues.getMaxPerRoute());
            connectionManager.setValidateAfterInactivity(appValues.getInactivity());
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                    //服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过抛出read timeout
                    .setSocketTimeout(appValues.getSocketTimeout())
                    //连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出抛出connect timeout
                    .setConnectTimeout(appValues.getConnTimeOut())
                    //从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超时间未拿到可用连接，会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool
                    .setConnectionRequestTimeout(appValues.getConnReqTimeOut())
                    .build();
            return HttpClientBuilder.create()
                    .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                    .setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
                    .build();
        }
    }

发送请求  
RestTemplate对于不同的请求方式提供了不同的函数、我把官方的图贴一下、下面我会把常用的跟大家说一下[图片传送门][Link 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FkbWluUHdk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

package com.ktamrinterface.quartz;
    
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class TuiSongJob2 {
    
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        /**
         * 生成post请求的JSON请求参数
         *
         * @param yinJiang 需要发送的json数据
         * @return
         */
        protected HttpEntity<Map> generatePostJson(Map<String, Object> yinJiang) {
    
            //如果需要其它的请求头信息、都可以在这里追加
            HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
            MediaType type = MediaType.parseMediaType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE);
            httpHeaders.setContentType(type);
            HttpEntity<Map> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(yinJiang, httpHeaders);
            return httpEntity;
        }
    
        /**
         * 生成get参数请求url
         * 示例：https://0.0.0.0:80/api?u=u&o=o
         * 示例：https://0.0.0.0:80/api
         *
         * @param protocol 请求协议 示例: http 或者 https
         * @param uri      请求的uri 示例: 0.0.0.0:80
         * @param yinJiang   请求参数
         * @return
         */
        public String generateRequestParameters(String protocol, String uri, Map<String, Object> yinJiang) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(protocol).append("://").append(uri);
            if (yinJiang!=null) {
                sb.append("?");
                for (Map.Entry map : yinJiang.entrySet()) {
                    sb.append(map.getKey())
                            .append("=")
                            .append(map.getValue())
                            .append("&");
                }
                uri = sb.substring(0, sb.length() - 1);
                return uri;
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    
        /**
         * post请求、请求参数为json
         *
         * @param yinJiang 需要发送的json数据
         * @param sendUrl  填写对方的接口地址
         * @return
         */
        protected String sendPost(Map<String, Object> yinJiang, String sendUrl) {
            String uri = sendUrl;
            ResponseEntity<String> yinJiangResponseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity
                    (
                            uri,
                            generatePostJson(yinJiang),
                            String.class
                    );
    
            String body = yinJiangResponseEntity.getBody();
    
            return body;
        }
    
        /**
         * get请求、请求参数为?拼接形式的
         * <p>
         * 最终请求的URI如下：
         * <p>
         * http://127.0.0.1:80/?name=张耀烽&sex=男
         *
         * @return
         */
        public String sendGet(String protocol, String uri, Map<String, Object> yinJiang) {
    
    
            ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity
                    (
                            generateRequestParameters(protocol, uri, yinJiang),
                            String.class
                    );
            return (String) responseEntity.getBody();
        }
    }

1.  调用

在发送完成之后对方会给我返回一个json结果，我要把这个json读取出来，我导入了一个json工具类

<dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            </dependency>

接下来就是调用了，我只是贴出部分主要代码  
我要发送这样的格式的数据所以我就这样写  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FkbWluUHdk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
       Map<String, Object> m2 = new HashMap<>();
    
            for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++){
                try {
                    //取出每n次的数据
                    list2 = list.stream().skip((i * uploadNumber) - uploadNumber).limit(uploadNumber).collect(Collectors.toList());
                    
    				m2.put("cbyId",cbyId);
                    m2.put("cbyName",cbyName);
                    m2.put("cbyCode",cbyCode);
                    m2.put("sMon",sMon);
                    m2.put("records",list2);
                    //这里就调用上面的发送方法
                    String s = sendPost(m2, sendUrl);
                    //对返回后的json数据解析
                    mInfo = mapper.readValue(s, Map.class);
                }catch (Exception e){
                    System.out.println("上传数据发生异常:"+e.getMessage()+",第"+i+"次失败");
                    break;
                }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FkbWluUHdk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
发送成功后的，对方返回的消息，结果展示如下  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200919141127149.png_pic_center]

如果不成功欢迎大家留言，如果发现博文中发现有错误，欢迎各位老鸟多多指教一二。

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[Link 1]: https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.8.RELEASE/javadoc-api/
[Link 2]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/90ec27b3b518
[Link 3]: https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.1.6.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/integration.html#rest-resttemplate
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FkbWluUHdk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: /images/20210522/3eb4446680144066b42398cc07757c5b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FkbWluUHdk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]: /images/20210522/dd627e11b6284c2bab90980d6c671722.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0FkbWluUHdk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]: /images/20210522/0fd022c8574f49b0911754b204beb0b7.png
[20200919141127149.png_pic_center]: /images/20210522/efcd0019b2644de1889249fa48dc50ba.png